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Street life

Ten-year-old Nargis

Her day begins with a knock on the door. At 6am in Kabul, 10-year-old Nargis goes house to house begging for bread on the richest of streets in the Afghan capital.

The neighbourhood of Sherpur, famous for its ostentatious mansions, lies at the end of the hill where she and her family live in one room in a mud brick house.

On the day I meet her, everyone who answers her knock says they have no bread to give.

"Today, a little boy has been out ahead of me. He got it all," she explains in a whisper of a voice, before returning home without anything for her family to eat.

This waif, in a pink tunic trimmed with silver sparkles, is the breadwinner for a family of seven children.

In Afghan society sending Nargis’ teenage sisters onto the streets would bring dishonour, and her younger siblings are too small.

Her father cannot or will not work. He is a drug addict.

So it is down to Nargis.

Survival skills

Nargis is just one of tens of thousands of street children in Kabul.

Born into a country torn by three decades of war and an economy fuelled by the opium trade, they lose their fathers to violence or vice.

By day, street kids weave impishly through vehicles stuck in Kabul’s burgeoning traffic. They brandish everything from packets of gum, to tin cans wafting with incense, or a ragged bit of cloth to wipe your dusty windows.

By night, older teenagers are still hanging out at the main roundabouts, waving ribbons of cards for mobile telephones.

Kabul street children

Children who should be at school are learning skills to survive on rough streets.

With an arsenal of tricks, from grinning to grabbing, they hustle to try to earn enough Afghani notes or one dollar bills to put food on their family’s table.

And this army of children working on the streets is growing.

"Day by day, there are more and more street working children because refugees are still returning from Iran and Pakistan. And people are still being displaced by the war," says Engineer Mohammed Yousef, the founder and director of Aschiana, a refuge for street children.

With a reputation for peskiness, they are often ignored or shooed away. But kids grow up.

"When they become adults, they will learn more from the streets and they will not learn a lot of positive things," warns Engineer Yousef.

"The majority of children have talent, and if they have the opportunity to learn in a good environment they will use that talent in a positive way and become good people, otherwise they will use that talent in a negative way."

Vulnerable children can fall prey to older street boys who turn to crime. They are also targeted by criminal gangs who traffic people and drugs.

Underage drug addicts

In Afghanistan, the number of drug addicts is climbing. The latest figures show a steep rise to around 1.5 million people. A quarter are said to be women and children.

They include 13-year-old Omid. He tries to deny it, telling us he is no longer an addict, but his heavy-lidded eyes seem to give him away.

Then he admits that sniffing glue can make this hard life a little easier: "You feel as if you are a giant. You don’t feel the weight on your shoulders."

Nargis (right) and classmates at Aschiana

But a small percentage of street kids do get the chance to spend some time in school.

Aschiana, an Afghan charity, is one of the few centres where children can combine street work with a few hours in the classroom.

Older children can learn a trade, and all of the youngsters get a chance to play, and even dream.

Nargis is one of the lucky few, she sits eagerly in the front row on a long wooden bench, squeezed between other girls.

Bending over her notebook, pencilling neat lines of words in Dari, she escapes into a world of lessons with its promise of a better future.

For 14-year-old Mahfouz, who can cite the names of the world’s top footballers, Aschiana gives him the chance to put aside his cares and join the boys learning some ball handling tricks on a small fenced football pitch.

But all too soon he is back on the street, washing cars to support his family.

Absentee fathers

Mahfouz has been working since he was seven. His father left his mother for another woman, leaving him as the main earner.

"He ruined our lives. We were poor and I had to work to earn our bread and butter," he says.

The place he has staked out along the pavement is a short walk from the site of a recent suicide bombing.

Mahfouz

"Now I don’t feel any fear. I’ve been dealing with it most of my life," he says. "I’m not a scared little boy anymore."

But for all his adult airs, he is still only 14, something apparent when he speaks of his father’s absence: "We have been deprived of a father’s hug and this is a sad thing."

Nargis also regrets her father’s ways, as does her mother:

"If we had money, we would be able to treat her father so I wouldn’t have to send my daughter on to the streets." she says, a tear slipping down her cheek.

"When I see my mother crying, I get upset," says Nargis later, bravely adopting a tone that belies her young age. But it quickly gives way to a flood of tears.

At the end of each day, she climbs the last hill towards her home.

A torn cloth satchel with her notebook hangs over one shoulder. A large plastic bag of useful bits of rubbish which she has scavenged from a rubbish heap is slung over the other.

From birth, Afghan kids like Nargis shoulder all the worst legacies of war.

Watch Lyse Doucet’s film in full on Newsnight on Monday 24 May 2010 at 10.30pm on BBC Two, then afterwards on the and Newsnight website.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Dumbbell attack teacher sentenced

Peter Harvey

A teacher who attacked a 14-year-old pupil with a dumbbell has been given a two-year community order.

Peter Harvey, 50, who hit the boy at All Saints’ Roman Catholic School, Mansfield, in July 2009, pleaded guilty to grievous bodily harm without intent.

The boy, a known troublemaker at the school, suffered a fractured skull.

The science teacher, who was signed off with depression for several months, was found not guilty of attempted murder at a trial at Nottingham Crown Court.

‘Common sense’

The court heard he had been mocked by pupils moments before the attack and had shouted "die, die, die" as he bludgeoned the boy with the weight after the pupil swore at him.

It emerged during the four-day trial that pupils at the school were trying to wind up Harvey so his reaction could be caught on a camcorder being used secretly by a girl in the class.

The footage was then to be passed around the school as a way of "humiliating" the teacher.

His lawyer argued Harvey was in such a state when he battered the boy that he could not have possibly intended to kill or seriously harm him.

Harvey spent eight months on remand awaiting trial.

Judge Michael Stokes QC said after the trial: "Common sense has prevailed now we have heard all the evidence."

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.