Furniture
refers t? movable ?bj??t? int?nd?d to ?u???rt v?ri?u? hum?n ??tiviti?? such as
???ting (e.g., ?h?ir?, stools, ?nd sofas), eating (t?bl??), and ?l???ing (?.g.,
b?d?). Furnitur? i? ?l?? u??d t? hold objects at a convenient height f?r w?rk
(as horizontal ?urf???? above th? gr?und, ?u?h ?? t?bl?? and d??k?), ?r t?
store thing? (?.g., ?u?b??rd? ?nd shelves). Furnitur? ??n b? a ?r?du?t ?f
d??ign ?nd i? ??n?id?r?d a form of decorative art. In ?dditi?n t? furnitur?’?
functional role, it ??n ??rv? a symbolic or r?ligi?u? ?ur????. It ??n b? made
fr?m m?n? m?t?ri?l?, in?luding metal, plastic, and wood. Furnitur? ??n b? m?d?
using a variety of w??dw?rking j?int? whi?h often r?fl??t the l???l ?ultur?.
P???l?
h?v? been u?ing n?tur?l objects, such as tr?? stumps, r??k? ?nd m???, as
furnitur? since the b?ginning of hum?n ?ivili??ti?n. Ar?h???l?gi??l r????r?h
?h?w? that fr?m ?r?und 30,000 years ?g?, ????l? b?g?n constructing and carving
th?ir own furnitur?, u?ing w??d, ?t?n?, ?nd ?nim?l b?n??. E?rl? furniture from
thi? period i? kn?wn fr?m artwork ?u?h as a V?nu? figurin? f?und in Ru??i?,
depicting th? g?dd??? ?n a throne. The fir?t ?urviving extant furnitur? is in
th? h?m?? ?f Sk?r? Br?? in Scotland, ?nd includes cupboards, dr????r? ?nd beds
?ll ??n?tru?t?d fr?m stone. Complex ??n?tru?ti?n t??hni?u??
?u?h ?? joinery began in the ??rl? d?n??ti? ??ri?d of ?n?i?nt Eg??t. This ?r?
??w constructed w??d?n pieces, in?luding stools ?nd t?bl??, sometimes decorated
with v?lu?bl? m?t?l? ?r ivory. Th? ?v?luti?n ?f furniture d??ign ??ntinu?d in
?n?i?nt Greece and ancient Rome, with thr?n?? b?ing commonplace ?? well ?? th?
klin?i, multi?ur???? couches u??d f?r relaxing, eating, ?nd ?l???ing. Th?
furnitur? ?f the Middle Ages w?? u?u?ll? h??v?, ??k, and ?rn?m?nt?d. Furnitur?
d??ign ?x??nd?d during th? Italian Renaissance of the f?urt??nth ?nd fift??nth
??ntur?. The ??v?nt??nth ??ntur?, in b?th S?uth?rn ?nd N?rth?rn Eur???, w??
?h?r??t?riz?d by ??ul?nt, ?ft?n gilded Baroque d??ign?. Th? nin?t??nth century
i? usually defined by revival styles. The first three-quarters ?f th? twentieth
??ntur? ?r? ?ft?n ???n as the m?r?h t?w?rd? Modernism. On? uni?u?
outgrowth ?f ???t-m?d?rn furniture d??ign i? a r?turn t? n?tur?l ?h???? and
t?xtur??.
From the
Middle Ages is known that people had cabinets that consisted of real and often
elaborately crafted wood. These cabinets were designed for clothing, in the
living room and in the kitchen you knew at that time no cabinets. Over time,
however, people realized that it was convenient if their belongings could not
be stored on the floor or on shelves behind curtains, but in a closet that had
doors and braces or a clothes rail. The tavern gradually moved into all rooms
of the house. Around the 17th century, the establishment of a house as we know
it today prevailed.
The
history of the making of furniture is also a history of art. As can be observed
in the architecture, furniture of the past, but also current furniture can be
assigned to certain styles. However, one can not apply the modern or trendy
style in architecture to the furniture, because these always develop in
comparison with the architecture with a time delay of sometimes a decade and
more.
The history of the creation of the furniture can be studied by interested lovers in books and museums and, if the means are sufficient, they can be put into his house or apartment in the form of antiques.
Thanks to Kissen mit Spruch for their contribution to this article.
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