What technology should be used to develop scalable web applications? [closed]

I have a functional prototype of a web application, but this is only a proof of concept (MVP) with a potential to grow.

I’d like to get your opinion about what technology I should use to develop a fully functional and rock-solid product.

Front-end: access via web browser (mostly on smartphones or tablets, I don’t consider smartwatches at all). A city map with crucial locations to select and get info (plus geolocation). Users (/guests) can register themself to create individual profiles with possibility to edit them later.

Backend: DB stores locations (coords, types, notes) and users data (login, pass, preferences, etc.) and custom attachments (images, posted by users). Server can send emails (or SMS – using an external API and sms gate) to verify users or deliver different notifications.

BTW – I’m still thinking about push notifications, but they aren’t perfect from a webapp (yet?), so this can stay at the bottom of the product backlog 😉

Scalability: it will start with a couple of hundred users, but can grow to 1k-5k in a few months up to 50k-200k later and even more after several years.

I built the MVP using my (old school?) knowledge gained 15 years ago (+some recent R&D) and it works but it is not perfect and doesn’t scale as I wish.
At the moment it is based on HTML + JavaScript (front-end), node.js (uploading images), AppScript (backend & database), plus some PHP (to control fronted access).

I assume this can be improved (a lot) and probably completely rewritten – even from the scratch, using the current design and user experience.

Alright, any thoughts / ideas on what technology should be used here?