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EU frames eurozone crisis rules
EU leaders agree tough rules for eurozone countries and set up a permanent fund to support the euro, as they aim to avoid another financial crisis.
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Cholera feared near Haiti capital
New suspected cholera cases in Haiti raise fears that the epidemic is moving closer to the capital Port-au-Prince as some Haitians blame UN peace keepers for the outbreak of the disease.
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Pushy parents ‘a help to pupils’
Parents who push their children to work hard at school have a bigger impact on their child’s academic success than their teachers, research suggests.
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Defence review ‘lost opportunity’
Most defence experts think the balance between ground, air and sea capabilities is inappropriate The strategic defence review missed a chance to radically rethink the UK’s role in the world, a survey suggests.
The independent defence think-tank, the Royal United Services Institute, (RUSI) asked more than 2,000 defence experts to assess the impact of the cuts.
About 68% considered the review a lost opportunity for a more challenging re-assessment of the UK’s role.
And there were “deep concerns” the efficiency of forces was being pursued at the detriment of strategy.
More than 90% of the 2,015 people questioned in the RUSI survey thought the government was right to make defence part of a wider review of national security.
‘Perennial problems’
“The review may have concluded, but the process goes on and it will still be painful and divisive”
Professor Michael Clarke RUSI
Only a third believed the review of defence and security had kept the appropriate balance between ground, air and sea capabilities.
The majority, though, agreed it was right to make the frontline in Afghanistan the main defence priority up to 2015, when the next review will take place, even if that meant greater cuts to other areas.
RUSI director Professor Michael Clarke said the responses revealed relief the cuts were not higher than 8%, but disappointment the review had not really settled any of the defence arguments.
He said: “The review may have concluded, but the process goes on and it will still be painful and divisive as it does so.”
He pointed out that the “perennial problems” still have to be tackled, namely:
Over-committed forces;The need to get Afghanistan right before any other serious adjustments;The debate over maritime and ground-based strategies partly reflected in the carrier discussions;The right balance of forces; andThe effect of the review on defence relations with the US and France
Two-thirds of the experts also thought the review struck a reasonable balance between cuts in the defence budget and in other public services.
The Royal Navy, Army and RAF are to lose 17,000 service personnel, including the entire Harrier force, while 25,000 civil service jobs are also due to be cut a result of the review.
The Navy’s flagship HMS Ark Royal and planned Nimrod spy planes are also being axed.
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Hopes fade for tsunami survivors
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono visited the tsunami-hit islands
Hopes are fading for more than 300 people still registered missing after Monday’s tsunami in Indonesia, as the death toll climbs to 394.
Disaster official Ade Edward says the 3m (10ft) surge is likely to have carried many of the missing out to sea, or buried them in the sand.
Related stories
The first major aid ships reached the worst-hit Mentawai Islands on Thursday.
The government has pledged millions of dollars for the relief effort, but activists say more needs to be done.
Aid agencies said people on the islands still urgently needed to food and shelter, three days after a 7.7-magnitude undersea earthquake triggered the tsunami.
Indonesia is also struggling with the devastation caused by this week’s eruption of Mount Merapi in central Java, which killed more than 30 people.
Indonesia’s 32 hours of disaster25 Oct, 0600 local time: Highest alert issued for Mt Merapi eruption; villagers advised to leave.25 Oct, 2142: 7.7 magnitude quake near Mentawai Islands; tsunami watch issued.26 Oct, 1300: First reports of people missing after tsunami26 Oct, 1402: Mt Merapi erupts.In pictures: Tsunami relief Mass burial for Java volcano dead Mourning Merapi’s ‘spiritual keeper’
As the scale of the tsunami disaster became clear on Thursday, Mr Edward painted a bleak picture of the chances of finding more survivors.
“Of those missing people we think two-thirds of them are probably dead, either swept out to sea or buried in the sand,” he told the AFP news agency.
“When we flew over the area yesterday we saw many bodies. Heads and legs were sticking out of the sand, some of them were in the trees.”
He estimated that a further 200 people may have been killed.
Indonesia’s state-run news agency Antara reported that 468 houses had been completely destroyed by the wave.
Village chief Tasmin Saogo told the BBC’s Indonesian service that the islanders have begun to bury their dead.
“In the village of Sadegugung, there aren’t any body bags. In the end we just lifted them and we buried 95 people today,” he said.
“There are still may bodies lying about, underneath coconut trees and in other places.”
Meanwhile, the party of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has been trying to defuse a growing political row over comments made by one of its senior members
In comments translated on the Jakarta Globe website, House of Representatives Speaker Marzuki Ali suggested relocating people living next the sea, adding: “Anyone who is afraid of waves shouldn’t live near seashore.”
Survivors have been moved into temporary shelters Rival politicians criticised his statement as insensitive, and the party has apologised.
Earlier, Mr Yudhoyono cut short a trip to Vietnam to oversee the rescue effort, flying in a helicopter loaded with food and other basic necessities to the remote and inaccessible islands.
Indonesian officials said locals had been given no indication of the coming wave, as a high-tech tsunami warning system installed in the wake of 2004’s giant Indian Ocean tsunami was not working.
The vast Indonesian archipelago sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire, one of the world’s most active areas for earthquakes and volcanoes.
More than 1,000 people were killed by an earthquake off Sumatra in September 2009.
In December 2004, a 9.1-magnitude quake off the coast of Aceh triggered a tsunami in the Indian Ocean that killed a quarter of a million people in 13 countries including Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand.
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Clocks back rethink urged by expert
More evening daylight could help children do the recommended daily hour of exercise in winter Not putting the clocks back this weekend would help people exercise more and stay healthier, says an expert.
Dr Mayer Hillman, a public policy specialist at the Policy Studies Institute wants the UK to keep British Summer Time in winter.
In the British Medical Journal, Dr Hillman suggests being two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time in spring, giving more chance to exercise outside.
But psychologist Dr David Lewis said there were flaws in the idea.
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Dr Hillman, senior fellow emeritus at PSI, is concerned by surveys that show a trend towards declining fitness and predictions that more than half the population will be clinically obese by 2050.
He proposes not putting the clocks back in October in one year, but still putting clocks forward in the subsequent spring.
This would put the UK one hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time in the winter and two hours ahead in summer, known as Single/Double Summer Time, adopting the same time as France, Germany and Spain.
Dr Hillman says that the extra hour of evening daylight would give everyone more opportunities to be active outdoors, and help us become fitter and healthier.
“The common reaction to the prospect of less daylight and sunlight when the clocks are put back at the end of October – signalling as it does the end of outdoor activity and the onset of a largely indoor leisure life – is a negative one,” Dr Hillman writes.
“The additional hours of daylight would considerably increase opportunities for outdoor leisure activities: about 300 more for adults and 200 more for children each year, given typical daily patterns of activity.”
Physical exercise has been shown to improve cardio-vascular health, reducing the risk of heart disease, obesity, diabetes and some cancers.
Research also shows that people feel happier and more energetic during the longer, brighter days of summer.
During the shorter, duller days of winter, however, mood tends to decline.
“The additional hours of daylight would considerably increase opportunities for outdoor leisure activities”
Dr Mayer Hillman Policy Studies Institute
Dr Hillman concludes: “Adopting this proposal for a clock change is an effective, practical, and remarkably easily managed way to better align our waking hours with the available daylight during the year.”
British Summer Time was established in 1916 to give farmers more daylight hours to work in their fields.
Scottish farmers, particularly, have always been opposed to changing the current set-up because they would have to deal with an extended period of morning darkness.
Dr David Lewis, a chartered psychologist who has done research into the effect of sunshine on our well-being, says there are arguments for both sides.
“If people can be persuaded to get out more and exercise after school and work, they are more likely to do it if it’s light, than if it’s dark.”
“But there is a danger that people leaving for work in the morning don’t really wake up properly if it’s not light.”
Dr Lewis agrees that anything that gives people the opportunity to exercise more is a good idea.
“As people get older, they should maintain a certain level of physical health. The costs of obesity to society are great and growing.”
Exercising during daylight is “more likely to elevate mood, improve sense of well-being and help people get to sleep”, he says.
A Department of Health spokesperson said: “It is recommended that adults do 30 minutes of exercise five times a week and children do 60 minutes each day.
“There are lots of activities to do in the winter, like swimming, dance, using the gym, or taking up an indoor sport. People can still do exercise outdoors like taking a walk or riding a bike with lights.”
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
UN nature deal is ‘on knife-edge’
Protesters are reminding delegates of the need to protect plants Talks have run through the night at the UN Convention on Biological Diversity meeting as delegates tried to salvage talks on protecting nature.
Major differences remained on targets for protected areas, equitable access to genetic resources, and funding.
France followed Japan in pledging funds for conservation; but the sums were well short of what poorer nations want.
Brazil is arguing that by 2020, $200bn per year should be made available for biodiversity conservation.
By comparison, the new pledge by French Ecology Minister Chantal Joannou amounted to $4bn over a decade.
China was criticised by environment campaigners for insisting that the agreement here should call for protection of no more than 6% of the marine environment – and none at all outside coastal waters.
The current global target is 10%.
Differences on the draft agreement on ensuring developing countries receive recompense when products are made from genetic material of organisms from their territory – known as Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS) – came down to seven crucial words, according to Hugo Schally, EU lead negotiator on the issue.
“These words are not just words, they mean differences in economic circumstances,” he told BBC News.
“What material does this protocol actually apply to? That means in terms of research-based industry, in terms of… economic exchanges – they’re literally worth billions of dollars or euros or pounds, or whatever you want.”
In essence, developing nations have been demanding that the agreement cover anything made from this genetic material – technically known as “derivatives” – whereas western nations, where the world’s pharmaceutical giants are principally based, want a far smaller scope.
At one point during the negotiations, agreement was reached on this issue in a small group including Brazil, the EU, Namibia and Norway.
But other developing countries did not accept it.
“[In the] critical part of the changes, that would allow derivatives to be included, they draw the line there and said ‘no’ – so what can we do, we can only go so far,” said Gurdial Singh, chief negotiator for Malaysia.
Guide to biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the incredible variety of life that has evolved on our planet over billions of years. So far 1.75m present day species have been recorded, but there maybe as many as 13m in total.
The term “biodiversity” refers to diversity of ecosystems, species and genes. In wetlands, for example, you might find different types of fish, frogs, crabs and snails; and within each species, differences in the genes which determine disease resistance, diet and body size. Research shows that ecosytems containing more variety are more productive and more robust.
Biodiversity loss affects most of the major branches of life on Earth. Amphibians and corals are among some of the most threatened. Rising human populations, habitat loss, invasive species and climate change all take their toll.
Around half of the planet’s natural environments had been converted for human use by 1990. The IUCN projects that a further 10-20% of grass and forest land could be converted by 2050.
Deforestation represents one of the most serious threats to biodiversity. The map shows the extent of the planet’s remaining frontier forests – which exist in a state untouched by human interference – and the original extent of forest cover.
The rising population and economic growth mean that natural resources are used at less and less sustainable rates. WWF calculates that by 2050, humanity’s resource use would need two-and-a-half Earths to be sustainable.
Biodiversity is the term used to describe the incredible variety of life that has evolved on our planet over billions of years. So far 1.75m present day species have been recorded, but there maybe as many as 13m in total. The term “biodiversity” refers to diversity of ecosystems, species and genes. In wetlands, for example, you might find different types of fish, frogs, crabs and snails; and within each species, differences in the genes which determine disease resistance, diet and body size. Research shows that ecosytems containing more variety are more productive and more robust. Biodiversity loss affects most of the major branches of life on Earth. Amphibians and corals are among some of the most threatened. Rising human populations, habitat loss, invasive species and climate change all take their toll. Around half of the planet’s natural environments had been converted for human use by 1990. The IUCN projects that a further 10-20% of grass and forest land could be converted by 2050. Deforestation represents one of the most serious threats to biodiversity. The map shows the extent of the planet’s remaining frontier forests – which exist in a state untouched by human interference – and the original extent of forest cover. The rising population and economic growth mean that natural resources are used at less and less sustainable rates. WWF calculates that by 2050, humanity’s resource use would need two-and-a-half Earths to be sustainable.BACK {current} of {total} NEXT
“We cannot go all the way until we get no real benefit. We cannot have an empty protocol. If I take an empty bottle of beer and I go home, I cannot drink anything.”
Negotiations on the draft ABS treaty – which have been going on for nearly two weeks here, as well as in a number of preparatory meetings – were suspended by Japan, as conference chair.
A “chair’s text” is being considered as an alternative.
Failure here would be a major blow for Japan, which has invested a lot of political capital in securing a protocol with the name “Nagoya” on it.
Other delegations – most of which currently include environment ministers – seem equally keen to leave with something.
“Clearly things are on a knife-edge,” said James Leape, director-general of WWF International.
“It comes down now to whether ministers are ready to find a political deal.
“It does seem, though, that many ministers are aware there’s a need to make the most of this opportunity to go forward.”
The mood has veered between optimism and despair; and this appears likely to continue up to, if not beyond, the scheduled close at 1800 local time (0900GMT) on Friday.
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
