The report said almost half of Scots students aged between 16 and 19 took Higher science in 2009
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The UK’s national academy of science has called for authorities south of the border to “emulate successes” in the Scottish education system.
A report by The Royal Society found almost twice as many students aged between 16 and 19 studied science in Scotland than England or Wales.
It also suggested a higher proportion of students in Scotland took science subjects in combination with maths.
It added lessons should be learnt from the Scottish pre-university system.
Almost half of students aged between 16 and 19 took Higher science in 2009, according to the society’s State of the Nation report, which drew on government figures.
This was much higher than England, where 27.7% of pupils took the equivalent A-level science. In Wales, the figure was 26.6%.
The Royal Society said that as Scottish students tended to take five subjects at Higher level, they had more choice and flexibility than A-levels, where the tendency was to do three subjects.
“We need to identify the factors that make the Scottish education system so successful in encouraging the uptake of science subjects”
Dame Athene Donald Royal Society
More of them were therefore likely to take the two sciences normally required for entry onto STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) degree courses at university.
The report suggested the A-level system in England be reformed to bring the system into closer alignment with the Scottish one, with a wider range and increased number of subjects.
Prof Dame Athene Donald, chairwoman of the Royal Society education committee, said: “We need to identify the factors that make the Scottish education system so successful in encouraging the uptake of science subjects in order to inspire the next generation of students to commit to scientific study from school to university.”
At the start of this academic year, the Scottish government introduced the Curriculum for Excellence, aimed at giving teachers more freedom and make lessons less prescriptive for children between the ages of three and 18.
However, teachers’ leaders have said they have serious concerns about the ability of schools to bring in the curriculum and prepare pupils for new national exams planned for 2013.
The Royal Society said whatever changes were made to the Scottish education system, it should continue to give students the breadth needed to study science and mathematics alongside other subjects.
It suggested that intermediates, which it said had proven effective in helping to maximise the number of students progressing to Scottish Highers, be replaced by a similar option.
Prof Donald added: “The current reforms by the Scottish government need to be carefully considered to ensure that they will not have a negative impact on the success the education system has seen in encouraging post-16 participation in science.
“It would be potentially damaging to Scottish science if the intermediate qualifications were removed and no replacement was found for them, as this could severely limit progression to STEM higher education.”
Education Secretary Mike Russell welcomed the Royal Society’s findings.
He said: “Curriculum for Excellence is encouraging new and innovative ways of teaching and I’ve already seen evidence of this encouraging more pupils to study science.
“Work to develop the new qualifications is currently being progressed by the SQA, who will be working with stakeholders as this is taken forward.”
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Axing the Youth Justice Board would save an estimated £6m over four years
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Crime may rise if funding is cut for youth offending prevention projects in England and Wales, MPs have warned.
The House of Commons’ Public Accounts Committee said the cost of any reduction in funds was likely to outweigh any short-term savings.
It also warned the government’s decision to axe the Youth Justice Board – the body which administers youth justice – could be counter-productive.
Ministers said they were committed to providing more cost-effective services.
The cross-party committee praised the board for its “central role” in reducing the number of 10 to 17-year-olds entering the youth justice system.
But it questioned how a national focus on reducing youth offending could be maintained by scrapping it.
“The reoffending rate for young people who have left custody has fallen only slightly”
Margaret Hodge Public Accounts Committee chairwoman
Savings were unlikely to be “significant”, it said, at around £6m over four years, or half of one per cent of the Ministry of Justice budget.
The committee’s report said: “Cutting prevention funding now increases the risk of the unintended consequence that more crime could occur in the medium term, with the cost likely to outweigh any short term savings.”
It found that youths who were imprisoned or given hefty community sentences remained highly likely to reoffend.
The MPs urged the board and Ministry of Justice to encourage investment in prevention.
The board is being abolished as part of the government’s decision in October’s Spending Review to axe 24 quangos.
The committee’s Labour chairwoman Margaret Hodge said: “The reoffending rate for young people who have left custody has fallen only slightly – with three out of four offending again within a year.
“There has also been an increase in the numbers of more serious crimes committed by young offenders.
“Given its decision last year to abolish the Youth Justice Board, it will be for the Ministry of Justice to maintain the national focus on reducing offending by young people and reducing the use of custody.
“It will not help that funding for work to prevent youth crime is being cut.”
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Analysts are speculating the government could sell its stakes in Lloyds and RBS sooner than expected.
After their near-death experience, Britain’s banks are staging a robust and speedy revival.
They came out of intensive care in 2009, and showed signs of recovering financial health in 2010.
As for 2011? It may well be the start of a return to business as usual.
Indeed, February may be the watershed; the point at which analysts can start talking about the banks seeing some sort of normality.
Barclays kicks off the banks’ financial reporting season on Tuesday.
The figures will fuel the debate about profits and bonuses in an industry underpinned by taxpayers’ money.
But in purely financial terms, Barclays’ profits will be welcomed as “a source of further reassurance and comfort”, said Ian Gordon, analyst at BNP Paribas.
After Barclays comes Standard Chartered’s results on February 22. Two of the more vulnerable banks, RBS and Lloyds Banking Group, report on 24 and 25 February, followed by HSBC on 28 February.
Analysts at Nomura, the investment bank, estimate that, excluding RBS, the four other banks should make combined pre-tax of profits of about £24bn, up from £21.5bn in 2009.
“The mood music is sounding sweeter if you’re a banker”
Banking analyst
The consensus among analysts is that HSBC, Europe’s largest bank, should see profits more than double the £5.16bn made in 2009.
And Standard Chartered is forecast to have made about £4.5bn for 2010, up from £3.8bn the year before.
Profits at Lloyds, 42%-owned by the UK taxpayer, are estimated at just over £1bn, slightly ahead of 2009.
RBS, in which the taxpayer has an 84% stake, is forecast to lose about £600m. But that is still a considerable turnaround from the £1.93bn loss made in the 2009 financial year.
A cut in bad debts, improved margins, and a more positive global economic environment are behind the better figures.
But a lot also depends on the banks’ area of focus.
Healthier profits from HSBC and Standard Chartered are based on greater exposure to the buoyant Asian economies, points out Richard Hunter, head of equities at Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers.
“Those banks with an exposure to emerging markets, and Asia specifically, could have benefited from the continued exhilarating growth in those regions,” he said.
Mr Hunter added that the next few weeks should reveal the banks had done a “huge amount” to improve their capital ratios – the percentage of cash held in reserve, relative to the amount of money loaned.
“But what could really mark a turning point is if the banks continue to reduce their bad debts – both corporate and individual,” he said.
RBS and Lloyds – more focused on Europe and carrying heavier baggage from the financial meltdown – still have serious legacy issues to unwind.
Yet there is already talk that these two companies could soon be prepared for a return to private ownership and the government selling its stakes to recoup billions of pounds.
Following this more favourable financial climate has come a more favourable political one.
George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, set a new tone last week when he said that, regarding the bank sector, “Britain needs to move from retribution to recovery”.
The comment was widely see as part of a peace pact between the banks and the government to end “banker bashing”.
It followed a deal between the coalition government and the banks to provide more funds to small businesses, curb bonuses, and agree new disclosure rules.
The CBI and other business groups, along with a number of high profile executives, have also become more robust in their defence of the banks.
“The mood music is sounding sweeter if you’re a banker”, one banking analyst told the BBC.
Vince Cable and some fellow Liberal Democrats still have “issues” with the banks, including the separation of High Street and “casino” operations.
Barclays chief executive Bob Diamond is likely to be the focus of criticism over bankers’ bonuses.
The Independent Commission on Banking (ICB), set up last year to look into a possible shake up of the industry, is due to publish an interim report in April.
But there has been much media speculation that the ICB is minded to conclude against separating banks’ retail and investment operations.
The CBI has thrown its weight against a break up. “We need a strong banking system to help support the economy and growth,” said John Cridland, CBI director-general.
And banking industry insiders also believe that a full break-up is unlikely. Their argument is that during the financial crisis banks with broad-based activities were stronger than “narrow” companies, like mortgage specialist Northern Rock, which was nationalised.
“Seeking to impose yet another round of severe restrictions in the form of splitting the activities of retail and investment banking is tantamount to cutting the legs of our banks off at the knees,” said Howard Wheeldon, senior strategist at BGC Partners.
“Those that are more retail-orientated, such as Lloyds, would feel only minimal pain. But for the majority the idea of splitting retail from investment banking is abhorrent, mainly because the health of one is often dependent on the other.”
But one area where there may be no return to normality for some time is the rehabilitation of banks’ reputation.
The bank reporting season also signals the bank bonus season, and public anger over the issue shows little sign of abating.
Protest group UK Uncut has said it will target some Barclays high street branches on Tuesday, followed by action against RBS next week.
In a few weeks the banks will start holding their annual general meetings, another potential focal point for demonstrations against bonuses.
And there are also cracks in the coalition.
Last week Lord Oakeshott, the Liberal Democrat’s Treasury spokesman, resigned in protest at the deal Mr Osborne struck with the banks.
“A multi-million-pound bonus is still a multi-million-pound bonus, even if you’ve got to wait two years to buy the yacht,” Lord Oakeshott said.
Barclays’ new chief executive Bob Diamond will most likely be the lightening rod for further criticism of bank bosses.
The Financial Times reported that Mr Diamond, who waived his bonus in 2009, is in line for between £8m and £9.5m. The other bank chiefs will reportedly get much less, between £1m and £2.5m.
The banks are enjoying a better financial climate, more positive political approval, and can see the threat of break-up receding. Only public opprobrium over bonuses remains unchanged.
But at this stage of the financial cycle, banks may well feel that three out of four isn’t bad.
This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.
Forde (centre) was found guilty on eight counts, including first-degree murder and attempted murder 
