Qatar expresses UK bank interest

BanksQatar already has a stake in Barclays but will it invest in RBS or Lloyds?
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Qatar has expressed an interest in investing in the part-nationalised Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Banking Group.

“About any investment in the state or partially-state owned banks, we are very open for any investment in the UK,” Prime Minister Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim said.

The UK government plans to sell its 83% stake in RBS and 43% holding in Lloyds.

Qatar invested heavily in Barclays in the wake of the financial crisis.

And last year the Qatari royal family’s investment company bought Harrod’s for a reported £1.5bn, while the Qatar Investment Authority owns about a quarter of retailer Sainsbury’s.

After meeting UK Prime Minister David Cameron, the Qatari prime minister expressed interest in doing more deals with UK companies.

Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim said he had “discussed some ideas” with Mr Cameron, who was visiting Qatar on Wednesday as part of a Middle East tour.

“Our team has been engaged and we will continue to discuss investment in the UK,” he added.

The government’s stakes in the part-nationalised banks, which also include Northern Rock and Bradford & Bingley are managed by UKFI.

UKFI declined to comment on the suggestion of interest from Qatar.

However it has previously said that no sale was likely until RBS and Lloyds had seen some share price stability and until the government’s Independent Commission on Banking (ICB) was published.

Last month, the head of UKFI warned that if the ICB recommended a break-up of British banks, this would damage taxpayers’ returns from their stakes – worth about £67bn at the time of investment.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Just what is a ‘non-job’?

Street cleaner in ManchesterManchester is among the councils that have had to make significant cuts

Newspapers have savagely attacked the retention of council “non-jobs” while front line services are axed. But are there such things as “non-jobs” and what exactly is an essential job?

With cuts beginning to bite, attacks on alleged council waste are intensifying.

Newspapers and ministers – led by Communities Secretary Eric Pickles – have lambasted councils for protecting “non-jobs” while front line staff are being laid off.

Walking co-ordinatorCouncil: IslingtonSalary: £31,395 pa (pro rata)Purpose: Leading walks to tackle obesity and ill-healthExtant: No. Axed May 2010

There has been criticism about posts like “walking co-ordinator”, “roller disco coach”, “bouncy castle attendant”, “cheerleading development officer”, “future shape programme manager” and “Nuclear Free Local Authorities policy officer”.

The coalition government has released figures suggesting that since 1997 councils have taken on an extra 180,000 workers. The critics claim that it brings the number of “non-jobs” – those not in traditional front-line roles such as education, refuse collection or social care – to almost 750,000.

“Crazy non-jobs like cheerleading development officers and press officers tasked with spinning propaganda on bin collections provide no value to the public,” said Bob Neill, the local government minister.

Man with carerMost would say elderly care was front line, but what about elderly care managers?

So are these types of jobs being retained while front line services are cut?

Islington council leader Catherine West says her new administration axed the “walking co-ordinator” post after its election in May.

“Some lazy journalists and even a government minister keep repeating the myth that Islington ‘has a walking co-ordinator’ without even bothering to check. It is unbelievably cynical to criticise ‘non-jobs’ that don’t even exist,” she says.

Angus council says it pulled the plug on the bouncy castle attendant “some years” ago while Falkirk council says the cheerleading development officer hasn’t existed for “several years”.

But some of the criticised posts remain. North East Lincolnshire Council is recruiting for a “Future Shape programme manager”, an appointment which Tony Hunter, the council’s chief executive, says is about saving money.

Future Shape programme managerCouncil: NE LincsSalary: £70,189Purpose: Help council save £9mExtant: Yes

“Future Shape involves reshaping what we do and how we do it, in line with the government’s Big Society and broad localism principles,” he states.

Manchester City Council still has a Nuclear Free Local Authority policy officer. A spokesman defends the job’s existence by saying that they pay only 20% of the salary with the rest funded by the NFLA Secretariat, which the council hosts.

He argues that the job “involved links to other cities” around the UK which were beneficial to Manchester.

“Most people polled in Manchester would not want to pay for a nuclear free worker,” says Neil O’Brien, director of the Policy Exchange think tank.

John O’Connell, research director at TaxPayers’ Alliance, a group which lobbies for lower taxes and greater government efficiency, admits there is no precise definition for a “non-job”.

One definition is a council employee who doesn’t work in a front line role but there is uncertainty over what “front line” actually means, as can be seen from the debate over front line policing numbers.

One good example of an “expendable role” is the post of diversity officer, Mr O’Connell believes, citing figures showing that during 2009-2010 there were 543 diversity officers working at England’s councils at a cost of almost £20m.

Bouncy castle attendantCouncil: AngusPurpose: Supervising children and young people, with bouncy castles just part of jobExtant: No. Axed some years ago

Birmingham City Council topped the list, spending £1.9 million on 28 diversity officers.

But a council spokeswoman said these staff played a valuable role and stressed the need to comply with government equality legislation.

“We do not have ‘diversity officers’,” says the spokeswoman. “We have officers working within the equality and diversity division who engage with other public agencies and community groups to ensure that everyone has the ability, knowledge and confidence to know how to access services, what help is available and what help they are entitled to.”

Mr O’Connell acknowledges that councils have to comply with equality legislation but says some like Birmingham were being disproportionate.

It doesn’t help that council jobs are often hard for the layman to decipher. Mr O’Connell points to the advertisement for the £70,000-a-year “Future Shape programme manager” at North East Lincolnshire Council.

“The duties are explained as ‘setting out the council’s vision to be a commissioning, enabling and facilitating organisation’. An ordinary council tax payer wouldn’t have a clue what that means,” Mr O’Connell argues.

Nuclear Free Local Authorities policy officerCouncil: ManchesterSalary: £37,543 (20% funded by councilPurpose: Identifying nuclear hazards and promoting alternatives to nuclearExtant: Yes

But John Ransford, chief executive of the Local Government Association, says some of the designations of “non-job” are wholly wrong.

He defends Liverpool City Council, which has come under fire from ministers for advertising the job of “assistant director of adult services” on a salary of £90,000.

“Many of the posts being denigrated as ‘non-jobs’ reflect a lack of understanding about the complex nature of the work local authorities do. To suggest that an assistant director of adult services – responsible for overseeing the care of thousands of elderly and vulnerable people – is a ‘non-job’ absolutely beggars belief,” Mr Ransford says.

The real issue is not exotic sounding jobs but the massive scaling up of pay and headcounts at local authorities, says Mr O’Brien. Between 2002 and 2009 spending on local authority payrolls increased by £67bn, he says.

About £4bn of that, according to the Policy Exchange, went on jobs like marketing and PR, but a much bigger increase – £14bn – has gone on paying for managers.

“There is a lot of waste,” Mr O’Brien says. “But most of that is not in overtly weird jobs but massive increases in pay and staff numbers. The median hourly salary is now 30% higher in the public sector than the private sector.”

Cheerleading development officerCouncil: FalkirkPurpose: Offer cheerleading classes as a means of getting girls to take more exerciseExtant: No. Axed several years ago

But Stephen Overell, associate director of the Work Foundation urges caution when knocking councils.

“If the ‘non-job’ is about peculiar job titles then the public sector has no monopoly on that. We need to remember that in the private sector companies have departments of fun.”

And the equality and diversity department is just as much a feature of corporations as councils.

The difference is that councils are democratically accountable and paid for by taxes, and therefore attract more criticism, he says. It can be argued that the whole world of work, whether private or public sector, has seen an explosion in managerialism in recent years.

And it’s often very hard to describe what these jobs do, Mr Overell says.

Critics argue that local government is employing too many managers instead of protecting front line staff from cuts. But Mr Overell doubts this is the case.

“It’s very difficult to say what is an essential managerial post to support front line staff. If it comes to a toss up between paying teachers’ salaries or trimming the diversity and equality function, I suspect it’s the latter that will get cut.”



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‘Poisoned’ workers turn to Apple

Wintek factory in SuzhouWintek maes touch screens on contract for Apple and other mobile firms.
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Chinese workers injured while making touchscreens for mobile devices, including iPhones, have written to Apple asking it to do more to help them.

137 workers suffered adverse health effects following exposure to a chemical, known as n-hexane.

They claim that the Taiwanese factory owner has not given them enough compensation.

Apple did not offer comment on the letter.

Five workers, including 27-year-old Jia Jingchuan, have signed a letter to chief executive officer Steve Jobs, asking Apple to offer more help over the incidents.

They say that the factory owner has not given enough compensation, has pressured those who took compensation to give up their jobs and failed to offer assurance that workers who may suffer fresh illnesess will have medical bills taken care of.

Jia Jingchuan, a worker for WintekJia Jingchuan is among victims of the chemical poisoning

Wintek, the Taiwanese company that owns the factory, said that it used the chemical in place of alcohol because it evaporated more quickly and speeded up production of touch screens.

It has now reverted to using alcohol to clean screens.

Workers exposed to n-hexane experienced faintness and tiredness, sweaty hands and feet, numbness in hands and swelling and pain in feet. Some claim they are still suffering ill-effects.

Experts say that daily exposure to n-hexane can cause long-term damage.

In its annual report, published last week, Apple acknowledged the incident.

“In 2010 we learned that 137 workers at the Suzhou facility of Wintek, one of Apple’s suppliers, had suffered adverse health effects following exposure to n-hexane, a chemical in cleaning agents used in some manufacturing processes,” the report read.

“We required Wintek to stop using n-hexane and to provide evidence that they had removed the chemical from their production lines,” it said.

Apple said it also asked the firm to provide adequate ventilation in the factory. It will monitor the plant and will reaudit the facility later this year.

Wintek also supplies components to a number of other companies, including Nokia and HTC.

This is not the first problem Apple has experienced with its Chinese factories.

Its annual report also references an incident at its main China supplier Foxconn’s factory, where over a dozen workers committed suicide.

“We were disturbed and deeply saddened to learn that factory workers were taking their own lives,” the report read.

It said “suicide prevention specialists” were working with Foxconn to improve conditions.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

What exactly is a Cornish pasty?

Cornish PastyUnder new rules, Cornish pasties can be baked anywhere but must be prepared in Cornwall

Cornish pasties have been given protected status by the European Commission. So how do you define this savoury foodstuff?

It has been a long journey from the tin mines of Cornwall to the corridors of Brussels, but a lunchtime dish familiar to millions is now about to get the recognition its fans insist it deserves.

Following a nine-year campaign by producers, the Cornish pasty has been given Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status – elevating it to a culinary pedestal alongside Camembert cheese and Parma ham.

From mid-March, only those pasties produced in Cornwall can be called Cornish. An authentic example should have a distinctive “D” shape and be crimped, or folded into a rope-like pattern, on one side – never on top, says Phil Ugalde of the Cornish Pasty Association, which first applied for protected status in 2002.

The rules also state that the filling needs to be “chunky”, made up of “mince or chunks of beef with swede, potato and onion and a light seasoning”. This is then wrapped in pastry glazed with milk or egg, and then slow-baked.

Additionally, the pastry must be “robust enough to retain its shape throughout the cooking and cooling process without splitting or cracking”. The pasty itself should be made up of at least 12.5% meat. No artificial flavourings or additives can be used and all ingredients must go into the pasty raw.

THE ANSWERHaving been granted Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status, a Cornish pasty must have been produced in the countyIt should be “D”-shaped, crimped at the side,Filling of “chunky” beef (making up at least 12.5% of the pasty), swede, potato, onion and a light seasoning – no artificial ingredients. Must go into the oven rawPastry glazed with milk or egg and then slow-baked without splittingCornish pasty name is protected

In order to earn a PGI designation, the dish could still be baked elsewhere in Britain but would need to have been prepared in Cornwall.

As a result, those produced outside the county, and those with such flavours as lamb and mint, chicken balti and vegetarian will still exist – but these can only be labelled as pasties, not Cornish pasties.

The dish now joins Whitstable oysters and Scotch lamb as one of 19 UK products given PGI status.

According to Mr Ugalde, the designation will be a huge boost to members of the CPA, who produce 106 million pasties a year, worth a total of £65m per annum – a figure equivalent to 3% of Cornwall’s gross domestic product.

But, he believes, the cultural impact will be even greater.

“If you know anything about Cornwall, you know that pasty-making is a very emotive subject,” he says. “People feel very proud of it – this was the original fast food.”

Indeed, the evolution of the pasty in the county has been long and distinguished.

Primitive versions

Les Merton, author of The Official Encyclopaedia of the Cornish Pasty, points to cave paintings on the Lizard peninsula showing a woman eating a pasty-like foodstuff, suggesting the tradition stretches back to prehistoric times.

A very early pasty, he believes, would have been encased in leaves rather than pastry, but he says the evidence nonetheless suggests that even such primitive versions would have had their edges crimped in some way.

Though the Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the pasty was identified in around 1300, Mr Merton says that it was with the advent of tin mining that it took hold in the county.

The self-contained nature of the dish meant that miners could easily carry it underground, he adds, and the crust could be held onto with dirty hands and then thrown away without eating – arsenic poisoning being an occupational hazard of working with tin.

WHO, WHAT, WHY?

Question mark

A part of BBC News Magazine, Who, What, Why? aims to answer questions behind the headlines

Other traditions, which have not made it into the PGI formula, insist that skirt steak – known locally as “chuck” – is used as meat and that the pasty is branded with the initials of its owner, so miners could eat part of it and retrieve the rest later.

However, although it is widely believed that pasties were produced with one savoury and one sweet half, Mr Merton says this does not appear to have ever been common practice.

He also argues that, whatever the European Commission rules might say, a genuine Cornish pasty should never be baked in what he calls “the country next door to us, England”.

He says: “Pasties are in our genes. The skills and knowledge are passed from generation to generation.”

Nonetheless, the emigration of large numbers of Cornish miners in the 19th and 20th Centuries resulted in a significant pasty diaspora in the US, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and Brazil. An annual Pasty Fest is held every July in Calumet, Michigan.

The protected status reflects a wider move upmarket for a product once commonly associated outside its indigenous region with refrigerator cabinets in motorway service stations.

For example, the West Cornwall Pasty Company, founded in 1998 with a business plan to offer a more refined product to consumers outside the county, was sold to a private equity house in 2007 after years of sustained growth.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

7 questions on space probes

7 questions on space probes

Nasa’s Messenger probe is soon to go into orbit around Mercury after an eight-year journey from Earth. It is just one of many probes exploring our solar system and beyond. Test yourself.

Messenger's launch in 2004

1.) Multiple Choice Question

Messenger is the first probe to be sent to Mercury, the planet closest to our Sun.

Mercury's south pole TrueFalse

2.) Multiple Choice Question

Earlier unmanned Mariner missions, starting in 1965, photographed the surface of Mars, gradually revealed its extreme landforms. Among the most impressive discoveries was Olympus Mons. What?

Artwork of Viking 1 & Mariner 9 orbiting Mars Dried-up river channelsMicrobes found in soilGiant volcano

3.) Multiple Choice Question

Fictitious space probe Voyager 6 is key to the plot of the first Star Trek movie. In what capacity?

Kirk and crew discover it floating in space, crumbling and devoid of life… or is it?It vanishes into a black hole and evolves into sentient cloud that heads for Earth, devouring all in its pathIt appears over 23rd Century Earth, emitting strange sounds that turn out to be calls of now-extinct humpback whales

4.) Missing Word Question

Nasa probe flew by ‘ * ‘ comet

space peanutsnow globe

5.) Multiple Choice Question

Also making headlines is Nasa’s latest probe to look for signs of life on Mars, which recently found methane plumes in its atmosphere. Its name?

Artist's impression of probe on Mars Viking 1PhoenixPhobos 1Beagle 2

6.) Multiple Choice Question

Which is Beagle 2, launched then lost after much fanfare about British space exploration (and with a Blur call sign and instrument calibration chart by artist Damien Hirst)?

Which lander is Beagle? (Images from Science Photo Library and Nasa) Top leftBottom leftTop rightBottom right

7.) Multiple Choice Question

Nasa boffins hope Messenger will not suffer the same fate as Japan’s Akatsuki probe, which in December failed to enter orbit with Venus. Its name, like many other probes, is space-themed. What does “akatsuki” mean?

Artist impression of Akatsuki Brave explorerDawnCloudy planet

Answers

It’s false. Messenger is the first to orbit Mercury, but Mariner 10 made several passes in the 1970s. It took more than 7,000 photos of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and the Moon. Olympus Mons – Latin for Mount Olympus – is a volcano about three times the size of Everest, making it the largest known volcano in the solar system. Voyager 6 evolves into V’Ger, a destructive alien cloud in Star Trek: The Motion Picture. Sorry about the spoiler, folks. Option one is the plot of Alien, and option three is the plot of Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home. It’s “snow globe” – images from Nasa’s probe Deep Impact shows the comet Tempel 1 is surrounded by fluffy ice particles. On the same mission, it also photographed the comet Hartley 2, described as a “space peanut”. Last week, another probe – Stardust – photographed craters on Tempel 1. It’s Phoenix, on the Red Planet since 2008. Its discovery of methane plumes give a tantalising clue to potential sub-surface life. Vikings 1 and 2 were the first probes to land on Mars in 1976. Beagle 2 was the British lander lost in 2003. And Phobos 1 and 2 were Russia’s failed probes in the 1980s. It’s number 4. Beagle 2 successfully ejected from the European Space Agency’s Mars Express on 19 Dec 2003, and was expected to land on Christmas Day. But nothing more was heard from it, and the mission was presumed lost. Akatsuki translates as “dawn”. It had been due to conduct joint observations with the European Space Agency’s Venus Express craft, which arrived in 2006.

Your Score

0 – 3 : Lost in space

4 – 6 : One small step

7 – 7 : One giant leap

For more details on some of these probes, see the new Life on Mars collection on the BBC’s Space website.

For past quizzes including our weekly news quiz, 7 days 7 questions, expand the grey drop-down below – also available on the Magazine page (and scroll down).

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Xinjiang killers face execution

Map

Four men have been sentenced to death for a series of deadly attacks in Xinjiang, China’s state-controlled media has reported.

The attacks, which occurred between August and November last year, killed nine people and wounded 15.

The Xinjiang Daily website said the sentences had been approved by China’s highest court, meaning they could be carried out at any time.

Xinjiang, in China’s north-west, hosts an ethnic Uighur separatist movement.

The worst attack, on the outskirts of Aksu near China’s border with Kyrgyzstan, took place on 19 August last year.

A vehicle crammed with explosives was driven into a crowd, killing seven people and wounding others.

This incident has been attributed to two of those facing the death sentence, named as Tuerhong Tuerdi and Abudula Tueryacun.

Akeneyacun Nuer has been convicted of killing a policeman in the city of Khotan in November.

Abudukaiyoumu Abudureheman was found guilty of killing two people in Xinjiang’s Hami region late last year with a home-made gun, the Xinjiang Daily said.

The four men are assumed to be Uighur separatists seeking independence from Chinese rule.

XINJIANG UNRESTJune 2010: Police arrest at least 10 Uighurs accused of planning attacks in XinjiangJuly 2009: Ethnic riots in Urumqi leave almost 200 people deadAug 2008: Two policemen killed in shoot-out with alleged militants in KashgarAug 2008: Attackers armed with explosives and knives kill 16 Chinese soldiers in city of KashgarUighur resentment at Beijing’s rule

In 2009, deadly ethnic riots erupted in Xinjiang after tensions flared between the Muslim Uighur minority and the Han Chinese.

There have also been a number of blasts in Xinjiang in the past, which the government blames on Uighur separatists.

But Uighur activists and human rights groups accuse Beijing of using the issue to crack down on Uighur dissidents, who have complained that waves of Han Chinese migrants have marginalised the Uighur culture.

China has poured troops into Xinjiang, which borders Central Asia, since the unrest in July 2009 in Urumqi which left about 200 people dead.

Rights group Amnesty International says more than 1,000 people have been detained in the wake of the violence.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Mobile phones ‘affect the brain’

Man using phoneMobile phone use increased brain activity
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A study by the National Institutes of Health in the US suggests that mobile phones could have an effect on the brain.

They reported higher sugar use in the brain, a sign of increased activity, after 50 minutes on the phone.

The research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association said the clinical significance was unknown.

Experts in the UK said there was no suggestion of a health risk.

Since the boom in mobile phone use, there has been considerable interest in the effect on the body.

The largest study on 420,000 mobile phone users in Denmark, has not shown a link between phone use and cancer.

This small study on 47 people investigated the effect of magnetic fields (RF-EMFs) coming from a phone’s antenna.

It suggests that brain activity is affected, but cannot draw any conclusions about possible health implications.

Mobile phones were attached to both ears of each participant. One phone was off, the another was on but muted so the person could not tell the difference.

Their brains were then scanned to detect changes in glucose use, which increased by 7% in parts of the brain close to the antenna.

The researchers conclude that “the human brain is sensitive to the effects of RF-EMFs from acute cell phone exposures.

“However theses results proved no information as to their relevance regarding potential carcinogenic effects, or lack of such effects.”

Professor Patrick Haggard, from the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London, said: “This is a very interesting result, since it suggests a possible direct effect of mobile phone signals on brain function.

“The implications for health remain unclear. Much larger fluctuations in brain metabolic rate occur naturally, for example during thinking.

“However, if further studies confirm that mobile phone signals do have direct effects on brain metabolism, then it will be important to investigate whether such effects have implications for health.”

Professor Malcolm Sperrin, director of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering at Royal Berkshire Hospital, said: “This paper is particularly interesting in that it reports an increase in brain metabolism as a result of the use of mobile phones.

“More work is required to establish any possible link between RF energy deposition in the brain and a consequential health risk. It is reasonable to assume that the small increase in metabolism results from a deposition of energy, which may result in turn from local temperature changes or perhaps magnetic or electrical stimulation that does not involve heat at all.

“It is important to fully appreciate that no health risk is identified in this paper.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

VIDEO: Britain to help NZ rescue efforts

New Zealand Prime Minister John Key has declared a national state of emergency as the death toll from Tuesday’s earthquake in Christchurch rose to 75.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Dinosaur named ‘thunder-thighs’

Artist's impression of Brontomerus

Dr Mike Taylor explains why he thinks Brontomerus had “thunder thighs”. All footage courtesy of UCL.

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Scientists have named a new dinosaur species “thunder-thighs” because of the huge thigh muscles it would have had.

Fossil remains recovered from a quarry in Utah, US, are fragmentary but enough to tell researchers the creature must have possessed extremely powerful legs.

The new species, described in the journal Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, is a sauropod – the family of dinosaurs famous for their long necks and tails.

It could have given other animals a hefty kick, say its discoverers.

“It seems most likely to us that what this is about is being able to deliver a strong kick”

Dr Mike Taylor University College London

“If predators came after it, it would have been able to boot them out of the way,” said Dr Mike Taylor, from University College London, UK.

The team has named its dinosaur Brontomerus mcintoshi – from Greek “bronto”, meaning “thunder”; and “merós”, meaning “thigh”.

The fossilised bones of two specimens – an adult and a juvenile – have been dated to be about 110 million years old.

They were rescued from the Hotel Mesa Quarry in Grand County, Utah.

The site has been looted by commercial fossil-hunters and so scientists have probably been denied the full range of material from which to make their classification.

Nonetheless, those bones they do have sport tell-tale features that mark out an extraordinary species.

Chief among them is a hip-bone, called the ilium, which is unusually large in comparison to that of similar dinosaurs.

Hip bone (UCL)The size and shape of the hip-bone tells scientists about the muscles in the leg

The wide, blade-shaped bone projects forward ahead of the hip socket, providing a proportionally massive area for the attachment of muscles.

“As you put the skeleton together, you can run muscles down from the hip-bone to join at the knee and that gives you a whopping thigh,” Dr Taylor told BBC News.

“What’s interesting is that if it were a sauropod that could move particularly fast, you would expect to see very strong muscles on the back of the leg to pull it along. But we don’t; this is the opposite. It seems most likely to us that what this is about is being able to deliver a strong kick,” he told BBC News.

The paleo-scientists speculate that the larger specimen in their possession is the mother of the juvenile.

The adult would have weighed about six tonnes – something like the size of a large modern elephant – and probably measured 14m in length.

At a third of the size, the juvenile would have weighed in at about 200kg – the size of a pony – and been 4.5m long.

Brontomerus was living in what geologists term the Early Cretaceous Period.

Some other marks on the fossils give additional clues to what sort of lifestyle the creature had and the environment it faced.

“The shoulder blade of Brontomerus has unusual bumps that probably mark the boundaries of muscle attachments, suggesting that Brontomerus had powerful forelimb muscles as well,” explained team-member Dr Matt Wedel, from the Western University of Health Sciences in Pomona, California.

Scientists Mike Taylor, Matt Wedel and Rich Cifelli (UCL)Scientists may be missing many bones, plundered from the quarry site by commercial fossil-hunters

“It’s possible that Brontomerus mcintoshi was more athletic than most other sauropods. It is well established that far from being swamp-bound hippo-like animals, sauropods preferred drier, upland areas; so perhaps Brontomerus lived in rough, hilly terrain and the powerful leg muscles were a sort of ‘dinosaur four-wheel drive’.”

The team also believes the find is significant for its position in Earth history, in that it challenges the notion that sauropods began to disappear in the Early Cretaceous.

“Because sauropods were the most abundant dinosaurs found during the Jurassic Period and the rarest during the Early Cretaceous, there’s long been the perception that sauropods were successful in the Jurassic and were replaced by duckbills and horned dinosaurs in the Cretaceous,” said Dr Wedel.

“In the past 20 years, however, we are finding more sauropods from the Early Cretaceous period, and the picture is changing. It now seems that sauropods may have been every bit as diverse as they were during the Jurassic, but much less abundant and so much less likely to be found.”

Dr Taylor is disappointed that more of Brontomerus could not be recovered, and wonders whether larger fossil pieces are being held in some unknown private collection.

“The fossil-hunters basically pillaged this site,” he told BBC News.

“They left behind broken remnants and smashed bits of bone; and in some cases they were using broken bones to hold down tarpaulins – that’s really the most disgraceful aspect of it.”

[email protected]

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Moderate alcohol ‘good for heart’

Glasses of wineScientists at the University of Calgary reviewed 84 pieces of research between 1980 and 2009
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An alcoholic drink a day can help keep heart disease at bay, according to a review of 30 years of research.

The work, published in the British Medical Journal, showed a 14% to 25% reduction in heart disease in moderate drinkers compared with people who had never drunk alcohol.

Another article, by the same Canadian research group, showed alcohol increased “good” cholesterol levels.

But experts said this was not a reason to start drinking.

For many years, studies have suggested that drinking alcohol in moderation has some health benefits.

Scientists at the University of Calgary reviewed 84 pieces of research between 1980 and 2009.

One unit of alcohol in the UK, equivalent to half a pint of normal beer, contains 8g of pure alcohol.

“If you don’t drink, this is not a reason to start. Similar results can be achieved by being physically active and eating a balanced and healthy diet”

Cathy Ross British Heart Foundation

This review showed that the overall risk of death was lower for those consuming small quantities of alcohol, 2.5g to 14.9g, compared with non-drinkers.

The researchers also say regular moderate drinking reduced all forms of cardiovascular disease by up to 25%.

However, while consuming small quantities of alcohol had a beneficial effect on the number of strokes and stroke deaths, the risk increased substantially with heavier drinking.

Professor William Ghali, from the Institute for Population and Public Health at the University of Calgary, told the BBC: “Our extensive review shows that drinking one or one to two drinks would be favourable.

“There is this potentially slippery slope, most notably with social problems and alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, but the overall mortality including cancer and accidents shows you would be better with alcohol.”

Cathy Ross, senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said: “This analysis of previous studies supports what we already know about moderate drinking reducing our risk of cardiovascular disease.

“However, drinking more than sensible amounts of alcohol does not offer any protection and can cause high blood pressure, stroke, some cancers and damage to our heart.

“If you don’t drink, this is not a reason to start. Similar results can be achieved by being physically active and eating a balanced and healthy diet.”

The researchers believe any beneficial effects are down to the alcohol itself, rather than anything else in a drink.

Their second study suggests that drinking up to 15g a day for women or 30g for men increased levels of good cholesterol, adiponectin and apolipoprotein, which have been linked to a healthy heart.

They said this pattern was true for all types of beverage.

The research group believes that governments may have to change their messages on public health to argue for drinking alcohol in moderation.

Prof Ghali said: “There’s no doubt a public health campaign would be controversial. We need to ponder the message of how a doctor talks to a patient and how the government talks to the people.”

Professor Lindsey Davies, president of the Faculty of Public Health, added: “It just strengthens the argument that a little bit does you good, but a lot does you harm, but that always makes a public health message hard.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Warning over allergy testing kits

Child having allergic reactionSwelling around the eyes can be a symptom of an allergic reaction
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There is no scientific evidence that complementary therapies or kits sold through websites can identify allergies, the NHS watchdog NICE says.

It said sites for services such as hair analysis use plausible stories, but are not backed up by scientific evidence.

It is publishing new guidance to help doctors in England and Wales identify when a child may have allergy problems.

NICE said some parents ended up turning to alternative therapies after a perceived lack of help from their GPs.

It is estimated that one in 20 young children has a food allergy.

Dr Adam Fox, an allergy specialist based at the Evelina Children’s Hospital in London, says not all children suffer immediate and obvious symptoms.

“Food allergies can actually be extremely subtle. Lots of children have eczema, colic or spit up more food than usual. For some of those children the underlying problem is an allergy to something within their diet.”

The guidelines include detailed advice about how to recognise symptoms and when to refer to specialists.

Dr Fox, who helped write the guidelines for National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), says he often sees parents in his specialist clinic who have wasted money on complementary or alternative tests.

The review by NICE looked for any scientific research of the usefulness of approaches including hair analysis and Vega testing, which uses mild electric currents, or kineseology, in diagnosing allergies in children.

“The websites are very well put together, the stories behind them are plausible, but we were unable to find any evidence to support them,” says Dr Fox. He says there are two types of testing used in NHS clinics – skin prick and blood sample – which are backed by scientific research.

NICE is warning that parents sometimes turn to alternative tests when they have failed to convince their family doctor to listen to their concerns.

It took Alison Berthelson more than two years to get an allergy diagnosis for her first son Harris. She had been to the local surgery several times when he suffered rashes and stomach upsets without any particular cause being identified.

After Harris ate a small piece of chocolate containing nuts he suffered a more extreme reaction, becoming agitated, with an extreme rash covering his entire body. The out-of-hours GP gave her son a medicine to reduce swelling, but did not send him on to hospital as an emergency.

“It was really very terrifying, terrifying at the time because we didn’t know what was happening, and terrifying later when we did know what had happened and how lucky we were.”

A new GP correctly diagnosed possible food allergies, and sent Harris for testing at a specialist NHS clinic. He now has to avoid nuts, sesame and some other ingredients used in prepared foods.

The number of children suffering from food allergies appears to be increasing, although experts are at a loss to understand exactly why. Family doctors are now more likely to see very young children suffering allergic reactions.

Dr Joanne Walsh, a GP involved in drafting the advice, says she now sees several children a week with suspected allergic reactions. Some are babies just a couple of weeks old.

By gradually eliminating, and reintroducing different foods, she can help parents manage the allergy without the need for hospital visits. “There’s nothing more rewarding than a parent coming back and saying it’s like having a different child.”

The Royal College of GPs welcomed the guidelines, admitting GPs have struggled to manage the increasingly common problem of food allergies.

The charity Allergy UK said it would be urging doctors to set up specialist allergy services within their surgeries to make sure parents concerned about allergic reactions are given more time than the standard GP appointment.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

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Commander Mark Lister tells Sally Magnusson about life on a Trident missile submarine.

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1.6m children ‘in severe poverty’

boy in streetManchester and the London borough of Tower Hamlets had the highest rates of children living in severe poverty
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About 1.6m children in the UK are living in severe poverty, Save the Children says.

The charity, which found the highest levels of child poverty in Manchester and Tower Hamlets, in London, said the figure was a “national scandal”.

And it said more children would be tipped into poverty by public sector job losses and changes to benefits.

The government said it was “fully committed to the goal of eradicating child poverty by 2020”.

Of the UK nations, Save the Children found Wales had the highest proportion of children living in severe poverty (14%), followed by England (13%) then Scotland and Northern Ireland (9% each).

It found 29 authorities across the UK had more than one in five children living in severe poverty.

Manchester and the London borough of Tower Hamlets had the highest rates of children living in severe poverty at 27%.

The London borough of Newham had 25% in severe poverty, Leicester and Westminster (London) had 24%, Nottingham, Liverpool and Birmingham 23% and Blackpool and Hackney (London) 22%.

In Wales, the local authority with the highest rate of severe child poverty was Blaenau Gwent at 20%.

In Scotland, Glasgow City had the highest rate of child poverty with 18% living in severe poverty.

The charity based its regional breakdown of child poverty on statistics from the New Policy Institute.

It defines severe poverty as those living in households with incomes of less than 50% of the UK median income (disregarding housing costs).

Sally Copley, Save the Children’s head of UK policy, said: “Children up and down the country are going to sleep at night in homes with no heating, without eating a proper meal and without proper school uniforms to put on in the morning.

“No child should be born without a chance. It is a national scandal that 1.6 million children are growing up in severe poverty.

“If these children are to have a future, we must acknowledge their desperate need and urgently target government help towards them.”

A spokesman for the Department of Work and Pensions said: “Over the last decade vast sums of money has been poured into the benefits system in an attempt to address poverty, this approach has failed.

“Our radical welfare reforms will benefit the poorest in society, helping 350,000 children out of poverty, and targeting support at those who need it most to make work pay and break the benefits trap.

“We know that work is the best route out of poverty.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

GM crops ‘pass billion hectares’

Richard BlackBy Richard Black

Anti-GM food demo in BudapestMost European societies remain opposed to GM agriculture, despite advances elsewhere
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The area of the world’s farmland used for growing genetically modified crops increased by about 10% last year.

GM use grew fastest in Brazil but fell in the EU, says the International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA).

Virtually all GM strains used were engineered for just two traits, disease resistance and herbicide tolerance.

ISAAA is an organisation partly funded by industry that promotes biotechnology as a path to sustainability.

It calculates that more than a billion hectares have been cultivated with GM crops since their introduction in 1996 – the figure derived by adding together the areas cultivated with these varieties in all of the intervening years.

“Farmers and consumers are not falling for biotech industry propaganda”

Stefanie Hundsdorfer Greenpeace

ISAAA estimates that more than 15 million farmers are involved in GM agriculture.

“We can recount a momentous year of progress in biotech crop adoption,” said Clive James, the organisation’s chairman and founder.

“During 2010, the accumulated commercial biotech plantation exceeded one billion hectares – that’s an area larger than the US or China.

“And biotech crops registered double-digit growth over 2009, bringing the total global plantings to 148 million hectares. Biotech crops are here to stay.”

However, critics point out that this is still just 10% of the world’s arable land area as defined by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

About half of the global GM total is accounted for by the US – although overall, the developing world is adopting the technology faster than industrialised countries.

If current trends continue, developing countries will be growing more than half of the global total within a few years.

Scientists with GM potato plantsPotatoes are among the GM crops starting to become more widespread

During 2010, Pakistan and Burma took their initial steps into the GM world by growing cotton modified to be resistant to insect pests.

The EU, however, continues to buck the global trend, registering a slight fall in the land area under GM cultivation.

Germany and Sweden both supported small areas of a new potato variety grown not for food, but to produce high-quality starch for industrial use.

Greenpeace, meanwhile, has presented a petition bearing more than a million signatures to the European Commission, demanding that the executive stop approving new GM varieties.

Recently, the EU introduced the “European citizen’s initiative”, which allows more than a million citizens jointly to ask for a change in the law.

“Today’s European data shows that GM crops are failing in the field and on the market; farmers and consumers are not falling for biotech industry propaganda,” said Greenpeace EU agriculture policy adviser Stefanie Hundsdorfer.

“GM crops are not more productive and are less resistant to extreme climate conditions than normal crops. They do however present a serious risk for our environment.”

One of the principal criticisms of the biotech industry down the years is that companies have not commercialised crops that produce direct benefits to the public, such as those with improved nutritional content, or that allow farmers in poor countries to grow crops in land that is currently too hot, too dry or too salty.

Virtually all of the crops grown in 2010 were either engineered to be resistant to insect pests – typically, through insertion of a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene that produces a toxin – or tolerant to proprietary herbicides.

A significant and growing proportion – about 20% – carried both traits, reflecting the trend for companies to market varieties containing a number of introduced genes “stacked” on top of each other.

Up to eight genes are stacked in a single variety.

Another criticism is that just four crops – soya bean, cotton, maize and canola (a relative of rape) – dominate the market, with little attention paid to other important foods of the developing world poor, such as rice, millet or sorghum.

Dr James suggested this situation was about to change, with crops due to come into commercial use over the next five years, including many with enhanced nutrition, notably “Golden Rice” enhanced in Vitamin A.

“Golden rice is expected to be available in 2013 in the Philippines and thereafter in Bangladesh, Indonesia and Vietnam,” he said.

“Also [we will soon see] potatoes modified to resist late blight – the disease that caused the Irish potato famine – as well as sugar cane, bananas, eggplant, tomato, cassava. sweet potato, pulses and groundnuts.”

He claimed that the introduction of Golden Rice could save the lives of thousands of people afflicted with Vitamin A deficiency.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

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