Using a function inside a try…catch block how to exit the block?

When creating some endpoints using Node.js and express I came across a piece of code that is repeated a few times in the same controller file on different endpoints. This code is inside a conditional that is inside a try…catch block, it serves to validate if a sent parameter exists in the DB and so, if it exists or not, the execution proceeds accordingly. Here is my original code:

const productListing = async (req, res) => {
    const { category_id } = req.query;
    try {
        // if there are query params execute this if statement
        if (req.url.includes("?")) {
            // the next 3 lines of code repeat a few times throughout the controller

            const validCategory = await knex("categories").where("id", category_id)
            if (validCategory.length === 0) {
                return res.status(404).json({ "message": "Category not found" });
            };

            const productsByCategory = await knex("products").where({ category_id })
            return res.status(200).json(productsByCategory);
        }; 

        const allProducts = await knex("products")
        return res.status(200).json(allProducts);
    } catch (error) {
        return res.status(500).json({ "message": "Internal error" });
    };
};

In order to improve the code and avoid repetition I tried to create the function below and call it instead of the repetitive code, what I expected to get was similar behavior, but although the function works when no query params are sent, or when the category exists, when the category does not exist, it makes the node crash and does not give the proper return, because in this condition the function should finish the try…catch block but the node tries to set the headers after the function has already done that.

FUNCTION:

const validId = async (res, table, id) => {
    const validateId = await knex(table).where({ id })
        if (validateId.length === 0) {
            return res.status(404).json({ "message": `${table} not found` });
        };
    return 
};

MAIN CODE:

const productListing = async (req, res) => {
    const { category_id } = req.query;
    try {
        if (req.url.includes("?")) {
            validId(res, "categories", category_id);

            const productsByCategory = await knex("products").where({ category_id })
            return res.status(200).json(productsByCategory);
        }; 

        const allProducts = await knex("products")
        return res.status(200).json(allProducts);
    } catch (error) {
        return res.status(500).json({ "message": "Internal error" });
    };
};

ERROR CODE:

    > nodemon ./src/index.js
    
    [nodemon] 2.0.22
    [nodemon] to restart at any time, enter `rs`
    [nodemon] watching path(s): *.*
    [nodemon] watching extensions: js,mjs,json
    [nodemon] starting `node ./src/index.js`
    node:internal/errors:490
        ErrorCaptureStackTrace(err);
        ^
    
    Error [ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT]: Cannot set headers after they are sent to the client
        at new NodeError (node:internal/errors:399:5)
        at ServerResponse.setHeader (node:_http_outgoing:663:11)
        at ServerResponse.header (D:CODINGCUBOSBACKENDunidade-5desafio-backend-final-dbe-b2b-t03-ifoodnode_modulesexpresslibresponse.js:794:10)
        at ServerResponse.send (D:CODINGCUBOSBACKENDunidade-5desafio-backend-final-dbe-b2b-t03-ifoodnode_modulesexpresslibresponse.js:174:12)
        at ServerResponse.json (D:CODINGCUBOSBACKENDunidade-5desafio-backend-final-dbe-b2b-t03-ifoodnode_modulesexpresslibresponse.js:278:15)
        at validaId (D:CODINGCUBOSBACKENDunidade-5desafio-backend-final-dbe-b2b-t03-ifoodsrcfuncoesvalidaId.js:6:36)
        at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5) {
      code: 'ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT'
    }
    
    Node.js v18.15.0
    [nodemon] app crashed - waiting for file changes before starting...