Node.js/Vite SSR: ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT with @mui/material/utils during Inertia.js SSR

I’m encountering an ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT error during server-side rendering (SSR) with Vite, React, MUI (Material UI), and Inertia.js. The specific error message is:

Error [ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT]: Directory import '/var/www/html/myproject/node_modules/@mui/material/utils' is not supported resolving ES modules imported from /var/www/html/myproject/node_modules/@mui/icons-material/esm/utils/createSvgIcon.js
Did you mean to import "@mui/material/node/utils/index.js"?

This error only occurs during the SSR process (php artisan inertia:start-ssr). The client-side build works fine.

Problem Context:

I’m using the following technologies:

• Laravel: 11.38.2
• Inertia.js: 2.0.0
• React: 19.0.0
• MUI (Material UI): 6.4.0
• Vite: 6.0.7
• Node.js: 22.13.0
• npm: 10.9.2

What I’ve Tried:

1. Corrected config/inertia.php: I’ve ensured that the bundle path in my config/inertia.php file correctly points to the SSR bundle generated by Vite (which is now in bootstrap/ssr/ssr.js):

   'bundle' => base_path('bootstrap/ssr/ssr.js'),
   

2. noExternal Configuration: I’ve added the relevant MUI packages, lexical packages, react packages and @inertiajs/server to the ssr.noExternal array in my vite.config.js:

   ssr: {
       noExternal: [
           '@inertiajs/server',
           '@mui/material',
           '@mui/utils',
           '@mui/system',
           '@mui/styled-engine',
           '@emotion/react',
           '@emotion/styled',
           '@lexical/code',
           '@lexical/react',
           'lexical',
           'react-dom/server',
           'react'
       ],
   },
   

3. Clean Install: I’ve tried removing node_modules, package-lock.json, clearing the npm cache, and reinstalling dependencies.

4. Updated MUI: I have updated MUI to the latest version.

5. Corrected imports in ssr.jsx: I have checked my imports in the ssr.jsx file.

6. verified vite config output and ssr output: I have verified the output of the vite config, and the ssr output directory.

Relevant Code Snippets:

• vite.config.js:

  import { defineConfig } from 'vite';
  import laravel from 'laravel-vite-plugin';
  import react from '@vitejs/plugin-react';
  
  export default defineConfig({
      plugins: [
          laravel({
              input: 'resources/js/app.jsx',
              ssr: 'resources/js/ssr.jsx', 
              refresh: true,
          }),
          react(),
      ],
      build: {
          outDir: 'public/build',
      },
      ssr: {
          build: {
              outDir: 'bootstrap/ssr',
          },
          noExternal: [
              '@inertiajs/server',
              '@mui/material',
              '@mui/material/utils',
              '@mui/utils',
              '@mui/system',
              '@mui/styled-engine',
              '@mui/icons-material',
              '@emotion/react',
              '@emotion/styled',
              '@lexical/code',
              '@lexical/react',
              'lexical',
              'react-dom/server',
              'react'
          ], 
      },
      resolve: {
          alias: {
              '@': '/resources/js',
              '@css': '/resources/css',
              '@shared': '/resources/js/Shared',
              '@utils': '/resources/js/utils',
          }
      },
  });
  

• config/inertia.php:

  <?php
  
  return [
      'ssr' => [
          'enabled' => env('INERTIA_SSR_ENABLED', true),
          'url' => env('INERTIA_SSR_URL', 'http://127.0.0.1:13714'),
          'bundle' => base_path('bootstrap/ssr/ssr.js'),
      ],
  ];
  

• resources/js/ssr.jsx:

  import React from 'react';
  import { createInertiaApp } from '@inertiajs/react';
  import createServer from '@inertiajs/react/server'
  import { renderToString } from 'react-dom/server';
  import Layout from '@shared/Layout';
  
  createServer((page) =>
      createInertiaApp({
          page,
          render: renderToString,
          resolve: name => {
            const pages = import.meta.glob('./Pages/**/*.jsx', { eager: true })
            return pages[`./Pages/${name}.jsx`]
          },
          setup({ App, props }) {
              return <Layout children={<App {...props} />} />;
          },
      })
  );
  

Expected Behavior:

I expect the SSR server to start without any ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT errors.

Actual Behavior:

The ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT error persists, preventing the SSR server from starting.

Question:

How can I resolve the ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DIR_IMPORT error with @mui/material/utils during Vite SSR with Inertia.js? Is there a specific configuration or workaround needed to handle MUI’s internal module resolution in this context?