How can I programmatically determine if an Event will execute JavaScript

I am trying to understand data mutations that are occurring client-side after an event is triggered, but I cannot locate the event triggering logic. Given the following page, I have created two buttons which have events bound:

<html>

<button onClick="console.log('Inline button clicked')">Inline Button</button>
<button id="x">Bound Button</button>

<script>

document.getElementById("x").addEventListener("click", (event) => { 
    console.log("JS Bound clicked")
});
</script>
</html>

I can determine what will occur when the following button is clicked with the JavaScript document.getElementsByTagName("button")[0].onclick, however this does not work for the second.

How can I determine if clicking on an element will trigger an event without clicking on the button.

As an extension, is it possible to configure a browser debugger to break on the next (significant) event, without knowing which event will be triggered?