Council could cut over 1,000 jobs

North Lanarkshire Council logoThe council hopes to make £55m in savings by 2012

One of Scotland’s largest local authorities has warned that it may have to cut more than 1,000 jobs.

North Lanarkshire Council is set to discuss ways of saving £70m over the next three years.

The authority said it hoped to make the bulk of post reductions through natural turnover, early retirements and voluntary redundancies.

But if this target cannot be achieved, the council said it may have to consider compulsory redundancies.

A draft report due to go before the policy and resources committee next week sets out various options for making savings and raising additional revenue.

“No decisions will be taken until we have consulted thoroughly with our service users, our employees and other groups”

North Lanarkshire Council spokesman

It states that savings of £70m will be needed over the next three years and recommends that £55m should be made over the next two.

In addition to any job cuts, the report states that cutting free school transport to the legal minimum could save £2m while removing community wardens might save £750,000.

It also outlines ways of raising money such as increasing lunch club charges.

If the report is approved, the proposals will go out to consultation for two months before decisions on what cuts to make are taken towards the end of November.

A council spokesman said: “The policy and resources committee will be asked to approve options for consultation.

“It is important to emphasise that no decisions will be taken until we have consulted thoroughly with our service users, our employees and other groups.

“Once that consultation is complete, the council will make decisions on the savings options at the end of November.”

North Lanarkshire Council has an annual budget of around £900m. Like every other Scottish authority, it still does not know precisely how much money it will have next year.

About 80% of its money comes from the Scottish government, which will only be able to decide how much it can give councils next year, after the outcome of the UK government’s comprehensive spending review in October.

The council has already said it would welcome some flexibility in setting the council tax next year.

However, even if the council tax rose the authority would still need to look at substantial savings.

The projected job cuts at North Lanarkshire take the running total of likely job losses at Scottish councils over the next few years to about 12,000.

The final total is likely to be far higher, however, as the majority of councils have not yet announced a figure.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Star Chamber secrets

Westminster silhouetteThe original Star Chamber was disbanded in 1640 after it was used as a method for state terror

George Osborne’s new system for deciding the outcomes of the spending review, the “Star Chamber” has its roots in the 15th Century.

And what the secretive cabinet committee decides in the coming weeks will affect every family in Britain.

It determines which ministers succeed in getting money for their departments and which fail.

“You don’t have any friends in the Star Chamber if you’re a spending minister,” says Michael Heseltine, who led first the Department of the Environment and then the Ministry of Defence in the 1980s.

“The object is to reduce your spending.”

So it has a critical role in the coalition government’s plans to eliminate the UK budget deficit.

“It was like a great arm wrestling contest. I had to show that I was a stubborn old bat like the best of them”

Virginia Bottomley Former Conservative health secretary

Although money matters, politics is what matters most – status, prestige and power are what the process is about.

Winning or losing at the Star Chamber now preoccupies ministers and the departments they lead.

The committee takes its name from a court established in 1487, its title derived from the ceiling star pattern in the Palace of Westminster rooms that the committee met in.

It was initially intended to bring the noblemen who avoided the lower courts to justice, but its fame dates to the reign of Charles I in the 17th Century.

That Star Chamber became notorious for justice dispensed by henchmen of the monarch, for secret trials, and for judgment against which there were no witnesses and no right of appeal.

It was reintroduced in the 1980s when Margaret Thatcher restrained government spending. Some politicians think the modern incarnation is not entirely different.

Spending review branding

A special BBC News season examining the approaching cuts to public sector spending

Spending Review: Making It Clear

“It was like a great arm-wrestling contest,” says Virginia Bottomley, a former Conservative health secretary.

“I had to show that I was a stubborn old bat like the best of them and really do well.”

It ran until 1990 and now, 10 years later, the committee is back.

Today, Chancellor George Osborne and Danny Alexander, Lib Dem Treasury Chief Secretary, are bolstered by the Foreign Secretary William Hague along with Francis Maude and Oliver Letwin – all of them close ministerial allies of the prime minister.

So the Treasury and its allies in government enjoy an in-built majority in the Star Chamber, just as monarchs did back in the 17th Century.

Nigel Lawson, chancellor under Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s, says that good government requires the Treasury to be “very strong”.

“While the Treasury shouldn’t have its way 100% of the time, it should have its way very nearly 100% of the time,” he argues.

Margaret ThatcherFormer Chancellor Alistair Darling said cuts could go beyond those implemented by Thatcher

Those ministers who decide to settle their budgets quickly with the Treasury get the chance to sit on the Star Chamber.

But cabinet members fighting for all the money they can get seldom find that idea attractive.

So might veterans of the process encourage ministers today to appeal from the Star Chamber up to the cabinet?

“I wouldn’t do that,” says Michael Forsyth, former Conservative Scottish secretary.

“You’re surrounded by colleagues who know that any concessions made to you will result in them having to find more money.

“The smart thing to do is to get the prime minister on your side.”

Those campaigning to keep free milk for children under five appeared to do precisely that last month, when David Cameron put an end to suggestions that it might be abolished.

Former education secretary Gillian Shephard has a three-point plan for winning in the Star Chamber.

“First of all, be prepared. Secondly, find out from colleagues what lines are being taken. Thirdly, know – but keep secret – the point beyond which you can’t go.”

All coalition ministers are supposed to be signed up to administering the very tough cuts they say the country needs.

But as they prepare to face the Star Chamber they know that its often brutal decisions may well determine the government’s future – and their own careers.

The stakes could not be higher.

Beyond Westminster: Inside the Star Chamber is on BBC Radio 4, 1100 BST, Saturday 4 September and afterwards will be available to listen again on iPlayer.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Newspaper review

Papers

The story engulfing the prime minister’s communication’s chief grabs many of Saturday’s headlines.

The Guardian says Andy Coulson has found himself in the direct line of fire amid allegations of phone hacking at the News of the World, despite consistently denying any involvement.

The Independent reports that ex-Labour cabinet minister Tessa Jowell says her phone was hacked 28 times.

It says the affair has raised questions about the prime minister’s judgement.

The Daily Telegraph says primary schools will have to find an extra 350,000 places over the next four years because of a surge in the birth-rate.

The Times’s lead story is about the death of weapons expert David Kelly.

The paper reports that a group of eminent doctors is going to the High Court to force the attorney general to open an inquest into his death.

They believe there is insufficient medical evidence to support the view that he took his own life, it says.

The Queen is “furious” that Tony Blair “betrayed her trust” by revealing details of their conversations, according to the Daily Express.

It says she is “dismayed” he broke “one of the cardinal rules of the government” in his memoirs.

And the Daily Mail reports that almost six million people are “embroiled” in “the biggest tax blunder for years”.

More than a million people have to pay an average of £1,500 after underpaying through no fault of their own, it says.

Many front and back pages feature pictures of England players celebrating their 4-0 win over Bulgaria in the opening match of their European Championship qualification campaign.

The Sun, the Daily Star and Daily Express pay tribute to striker Jermain Defoe, who scored three goals.

And the Guardian carries a photograph of Defoe on its front page, with the headline: “England back on song.”

But the Daily Mirror asks: “So why couldn’t we do that at the World Cup?”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Coulson ‘safe’ over phone claims

Andy CoulsonAndy Coulson told MPs last year he did not “use or condone” phone tapping

Downing Street’s head of communications is safe in his job despite phone hacking claims relating to his tenure as News of the World editor, a senior government source has told the BBC.

Labour politicians have urged fresh inquiries into the claims and ex-minister Tessa Jowell said her phone was hacked 28 times.

A source told the BBC’s Gary O’Donoghue Mr Coulson “is going nowhere”.

Mr Coulson denies he was aware of phone hacking while he was at the newspaper.

Related stories

And Conservative minister Alan Duncan said Labour was mounting a concerted campaign against the government.

The News of the World’s royal editor, Clive Goodman, was jailed for conspiracy to access phone messages in 2007, but the paper insists it was an isolated case.

Last year, the Metropolitan Police chose not to launch an investigation into claims, made by the Guardian newspaper, that a host of public figures – including former deputy PM Lord Prescott – had had their messages hacked by journalists there.

At the time, it said the evidence did not warrant it and suggested Lord Prescott’s phone had not been tapped.

Following the latest concerns expressed by Labour figures, BBC political correspondent Gary O’Donoghue said: “Asked whether or not his position was in doubt, one very senior source in the government said Andy is going nowhere.”

Our correspondent said there is “some political advantage to the Labour party to stir up as much trouble as possible for Andy Coulson” because he is “central to the Downing Street operation” since he is “very close to David Cameron and extremely important to what he does”.

News of the World masthead

He said No 10 “totally and utterly rejected the idea that he allowed anyone [or] asked anyone to hack into any phones”.

The Downing St denials come after Lord Prescott said he would go to court to find out if his phone was tapped. And ex-Home Secretary Alan Johnson said last year’s police probe could be reviewed.

Meanwhile, former culture secretary Tessa Jowell told the Independent: “I know I was tapped 28 times by May 2006 because the police told me.

“I had a call when I was on holiday in August 2006 from the Met to say that I had been tapped, but they asked me to do nothing except increase the security on my phone.”

Calls for further action by Labour politicians were prompted by allegations in the New York Times about the extent of phone hacking which went on at the News of The World.

‘Extreme scepticism’

Former News of the World employee Sean Hoare, one of the sources for the New York Times’ allegations, told the BBC that phone tapping was “endemic” within the industry and he had been personally “requested” to do so by his then editor, Mr Coulson.

“He was well aware that the practice exists,” he told Radio 4’s PM programme.

But the newspaper said the claims by Mr Hoare should be treated with “extreme scepticism”.

However, former News of the World sport reporter Matt Driscoll told the BBC he thought it was “unconceivable” that Mr Coulson would have been unaware of phone hacking practices when he was at the paper because “he would be a part of all the big stories that were being made by the paper”.

Lord Prescott said he wanted to “find the truth” about whether he had been targeted by journalists and would seek a judicial review unless the police supplied him with information in its possession by next week.

Tessa JowellFormer minister Tessa Jowell says her phone was tapped at least 28 times

Fellow Labour MP Chris Bryant believes he was also targeted but said he had not been informed by the police. Solicitors acting for the MP said they would challenge the Met’s decision in court.

Separately, shadow home secretary Alan Johnson said there was a case for Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary to review the Met’s handling of the case and he would ask to see Home Office files on the allegations.

However, Conservative MP and government minister Alan Duncan, speaking on Radio 4’s Any Questions, said comments by Labour MPs were part of a concerted campaign to attack the government.

“Things are getting ramped up in the media based on rumour and innuendo and, as in the William Hague case, I don’t think it’s acceptable in this case. And unless anybody comes forward with any clear evidence this is not something that should be pursued,” he said.

Mr Coulson resigned after Mr Goodman – and a private investigator – were jailed in 2007, saying he took responsibility for the incident while insisting he was not aware of what the journalist had done and never sanctioned his activities.

‘No new evidence’

He told a Commons committee which looked into the allegations last year that he never “used or condoned” phone tapping and was deceived by the journalist concerned.

While critical of the conduct of the News of The World’s journalists, the Culture Committee found no evidence that Mr Coulson either approved phone-hacking his his paper, or was aware it was taking place.

The News of the World said the New York Times allegations “contained no new evidence”.

“It relies on unsubstantiated allegations from unnamed sources or claims from disgruntled former employees that should be treated with extreme scepticism given the reasons for departures from this newspaper,” it said in a statement.

“We reject absolutely any suggestion there was widespread culture of wrongdoing at the News of the World.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Netherlands coalition talks fail

Geert Wilders leave a news conference in The Hague (3 Sept 2010)Mr Wilders said his trust in the CDA was at “an all-time low”

Negotiations to form a coalition in the Netherlands have collapsed after the leader of the far-right Freedom Party, Geert Wilders, walked out.

Mr Wilders said he did not trust some members of the Christian Democrats to adhere to any agreement reached.

Some Christian Democrats have expressed deep reservations about any deal with Mr Wilders because of his strong anti-Islamic and anti-immigration views.

The collapse comes three months after an inconclusive general election.

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The Netherlands has been without a government since the previous coalition collapsed in February.

“The negotiations did not succeed,” Mark Rutte, leader of the centre-right Liberal Party (VVD), told a news conference at the Hague.

The VVD narrowly won the elections in June but did not have a majority. They had hoped the negotations, which began on 9 August, would enable them to form a rightist coalition government with Mr Wilder’s Freedom Party (PVV) and the Christian Democrats (CDA).

The PVV, which doubled its seats in the election, would not have formally joined the coalition but would have given it the support to get decisions through parliament.

But some members of the CDA had raised concerns about entering into an agreement with Mr Wilders because of his controversial far-right views.

He has campaigned to stop the “Islamisation of the Netherlands” and faces a criminal trial later this year on charges of inciting hatred and discrimination with his anti-Islamic film Fitna.

Mr Wilders told reporters he was leaving the talks because his party’s trust in the CDA had “declined to an all-time low”.

“The Netherlands needs a stable government. Our view is that the CDA cannot give enough guarantees to provide that stability,” he said.

“We really wanted to be able to support a stable government. Instead, we will play our role as the biggest opposition party.”

Mr Rutte said he respected Mr Wilders’ decision but did not agree with it.

“I regret too … that this political co-operation is not possible,” he said.

Analysts say it is now highly unlikely that a coalition will be finalised before the caretaker government must present the budget on 21 September.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Eddie who?

Eddie KadiEddie Kadi says his humour is universal

Comic Eddie Kadi can command vast crowds at his live shows. Why has he attracted so little mainstream attention?

On Saturday evening, The 02 Arena – one of London’s largest venues – plays host to a comedian who can draw in audiences by the thousands.

Taking the step up onto the big stage is a performer who has already played to packed-out crowds at the 1,200-capacity Hackney Empire, the 2,000-capacity 02 Indigo Arena and the 3,500-seater Hammersmith Apollo.

His name? Eddie Kadi.

If you haven’t heard of him, you’re in good company. A search on the Lexis Nexis newspaper database reveals that he has, so far, received just a handful of mentions in the national press.

So how can a performer be this popular but escape mainstream attention?

In the past, black comics like Gina Yashere – who relocated from east London to Los Angeles because of what she said was a lack of opportunity – have bemoaned the paucity of breaks available to those with non-white faces.

But 27-year-old Kadi insists that racism, subtle or overt, has never been an issue for him – and cites the popularity of Lenny Henry and Chris Rock among British audiences as proof that nothing is holding him back.

“To be honest with you, I don’t think there are any barriers,” he says. “I’ve played Jongleurs [a major comedy venue] to mostly white crowds and gone down really well. We need to stop thinking of ourselves as victims.”

Nor is his brand of humour in any way edgy or difficult. He says his main influences are Michael McIntyre, Lee Evans and Jonathan Ross.

His sets are purposefully wholesome and family-friendly – the consequence, he says, of his mum coming along to all his shows. “I like a lot of alternative comedians,” he says. “But if she heard any swearing from me, she’d be going, ‘What’s all this profanity, I want a refund!'”

Most of his audiences come from Britain’s African-Caribbean community. Yet while his on-stage anecdotes rely on his experiences growing up amid west London’s African community – Kadi emigrated from the Democratic Republic of Congo aged eight – little of his material is overtly culturally specific.

“People relate to having embarrassing parents, getting an education, giving it all that but being a softy inside – these are the things I joke about, and you don’t have to be black or white to get any of it,” he insists.

Felix Dexter

“There are going to be a lot more Eddie Kadis”

Felix Dexter Comedian

Kadi’s 02 show will, to some extent, be something of a publicity stunt – he expects to only sell around 8,000 tickets in a venue which can hold up to 23,000. But his crowd will still be one for which most British comedians would kill.

Initially, he says, the owners of the 02 scoffed when he suggested playing there, and suggested he try out the smaller Indigo Arena first. He sold it out, twice.

Dr Oliver Double, a former comic who teaches stand-up at the University of Kent, says it is far from uncommon for comedians to do extremely well within Britain’s thriving black comedy circuit yet fail to attract the attention of promoters and the press.

“There have been black comedians who have had a big following within the black community but were unknown outside of that,” Dr Double says.

“But what’s also the case is that audiences in one part of the country don’t know what’s going on in another if journalists and the media don’t tell them, and unfortunately coverage of comedy is quite fashion-led.”

Veteran comedian Felix Dexter – whose CV takes in Absolutely Fabulous, the Real McCoy, the Fast Show and Grumpy Old Men – agrees that the fickleness of critics and promoters rather than racism is to blame for performers like Kadi having to flourish under the radar.

But he is confident that the power of the web will overcome this.

“I love comedy and I don’t want to sound embittered,” he says. “But comedy is all about cliques and it’s clear that there are certain power groups within it, like Oxbridge for instance.

“However, with the internet people can reach out beyond the traditional channels, with Facebook and Twitter they can create something which goes viral.

“And if you can fill up major venues, you’re a viable proposition – people are going to take notice. I think there are going to be a lot more Eddie Kadis.”

When he takes the stage on Saturday, Eddie Kadi will hope to show the world that there is only one.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Poll ‘backs move from New Labour’

Ed MilibandEd Miliband hopes to succeed Gordon Brown as leader of the Labour party

Labour leadership challenger Ed Miliband has dismissed ex-PM Tony Blair’s advice not to move a “millimeter” away from New Labour.

A YouGov poll commissioned by Mr Miliband’s campaign team found 72% of those considering voting Labour would be less likely to do so if the new leader adopted this position.

But “moving on” from New Labour made 47% more likely to support the party.

The poll of more than 2,000 adults was completed over the last few days.

Mr Miliband said: “We must change to win. Not moving a millimetre from New Labour, as some have argued, is the path to another election defeat.”

Mr Blair suggested in his memoirs, published on Wednesday, that Labour had lost the 2010 election because it had backed away from further New Labour reforms.

And in a recent interview with the BBC’s Andrew Marr, Mr Blair suggested the party’s best strategy was to “not move a millimetre from New Labour”.

“The only way to win back the five million voters whose support we lost is to demonstrate that we have turned the page on New Labour ”

Ed Miliband

Similarly, Lord Mandelson said Labour could be left in an “electoral cul-de-sac” if Gordon Brown’s successor tried to create a “pre-New Labour party”.

He appeared to be referring to Mr Miliband in particular, in what was seen as a personal attack as the party’s leadership contest enters its final stages.

But the Ed Miliband campaign poll found only 28% of respondents were more likely to vote for the party if the next leader took Mr Blair’s advice.

Some 13% said they were less likely to vote for the party if it moved away from New Labour policies.

In an interview with the BBC, Mr Miliband said both Mr Blair and Gordon Brown had been “fantastic servants for our party and our country”, but it was time to “move on from the New Labour establishment”.

‘Change to win’

He said the party had lost five million votes since its 1997 general election landside, and Labour had to have the “courage to change” in order to win back power.

“The only way to win back the five million voters whose support we lost is to demonstrate that we have turned the page on New Labour and set out a new approach,” he added.

Voting in the contest to succeed Gordon Brown is now open to Labour Party members, and members of affiliated trade unions and socialist societies. The winner will be announced on 25 September.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Taxpayers ‘should not fund Pope’

Pope BenedictPope Benedict’s four-day tour will include an open-air service in Glasgow

Some 77% of Britons think taxpayers should not help pay for Pope Benedict XVI’s visit to Scotland and England, a survey suggests.

An online poll of 2,005 adults issued by think tank Theos also found 79% had “no personal interest” in his visit.

The Pope is due to arrive on 16 September, the first papal visit since Pope John Paul II’s 1982 trip.

The cost of the trip to UK taxpayers, previously estimated at £8m, could rise to between £10m and £12m.

The Catholic Church is also expected to make a contribution of between £9m and £10m towards the costs, which do not include an expected multi-million pound bill for policing the visit.

Related stories

In the Theos survey, some 76% also rejected taxpayer funding for the visit on the grounds that the Pope was a religious figure.

Nearly one in four – 24% – agreed with the statement “I don’t approve of the Pope’s visit to Britain” with 49% disagreeing.

Under a third, or 29%, said they believed the visit would be good for Britain while 33% disagreed.

Earlier this week, a survey of 1,000 Scots found just 2% were “strongly opposed” to the visit, with more than 15 times as many people saying they were in favour of it.

Another 3% in the survey carried out by Opinion Research Business for the Roman Catholic Church, said they “objected” to the pontiff’s visit to Scotland. Some 63% said they were “neither for nor against the visit”.

Social teaching

In the Theos survey, researchers also put 12 statements – taken without naming the source – from the Pope’s third encyclical letter which outlines his social policy, to people taking part in the survey.

A majority backed 11 out of the 12 extracts, including 82% agreeing with the statement “technologically advanced societies can and must lower their domestic energy consumption”.

“On the whole, the public is more disengaged than hostile”

Paul Wolley Theos

Some 79% agreed with the Pope’s statement “the natural environment is more than raw material to be manipulated at our pleasure”.

Paul Wolley, director of Theos, said the British public “clearly had a problem” with the funding of the papal visit, possibly because they were unaware that in addition to being a religious leader Pope Benedict was also a head of state.

“It is only a relatively small proportion of people who are actively opposed to the visit itself. On the whole, the public is more disengaged than hostile.

“What is really striking is not simply that the public tends to agree with Pope Benedict’s social teaching but that they agree so strongly.

“This confirms the view that beneath the terrible stories of sex abuse that have dominated coverage of the Catholic church in recent times, there remains real potential for the church to connect with the public.”

A spokesman for the Catholic Bishops’ Conference said it was pleased the survey showed the majority of people agreed with Catholic social teaching.

“It is also good to see that so many people in the UK approve of this historic visit. The Pope will bring a message of hope to all, showing that faith in God is not a problem to be solved but a gift to be discovered afresh by all.

“While there is considerable discussion and debate in the lead up to the Pope’s visit, once he arrives and people see him and hear what he has to say they will give him a warm welcome.”

A Government spokesman said: “The Holy See is an internationally-recognised nation with significant influence across the world, while the Catholic Church has a billion adherents.

“The Pope is visiting at the invitation of the Queen. It is right and proper that the British Government should pay a share of the costs of the visit.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Music tuition falling, poll says

Children's band Girls and boys often favour different instruments

Fewer children are learning to play a musical instrument than in their parents’ generation, a survey suggests.

One third of children play a musical instrument compared with two thirds of their parents at the same age, research for BBC Worldwide found.

And just 44% of the 1,046 parents questioned said it was important for their child to be involved in music.

The most popular instruments for children are the guitar, the keyboard and the recorder.

Boys are most likely to learn the guitar (17%), the keyboard (8%) and the drums (7%), while girls are more likely to choose the recorder (11%), followed by the guitar, piano and keyboard (all 9%).

The survey, of 1,046 parents with children aged 18 and under, was carried out for BBC Worldwide.

It found 64% of children did not play a musical instrument.

Among the parents themselves, 34% said they had not played an instrument as a child.

The eldest child in a family is the most likely to play an instrument, the research suggests.

The UK survey, carried out by ICM, was commissioned in connection with the BBC TV children’s music show Zingzillas.

Stephanie Cooper, editor of Zingzillas magazine, said: “As this research shows, fewer children are now learning musical instruments and parents may not be aware of just how beneficial music can be to a child’s development.

“Young children love responding to music by dancing, singing, creating pictures or talking about what they hear, which gives them creative confidence.

“Hearing musical rhythms, patterns and sounds is beneficial for early literacy learning.”

Fiona Harvey, education consultant for the Association of British Orchestras, said: “I find it surprising that these results have come about.

“Other research about children learning instruments has suggested that at least 50% of children have learned or are currently learning an instrument.

“Opportunities are out there. Perhaps if they [the children in the survey] had an opportunity to learn, they might not have continued. Also, there are lots of informal ways of learning music.”

A study by the Institute of Education carried out in England in 2005 found just over 8% of pupils between the ages of five and 16 were learning an instrument in state schools.

Among juniors (aged seven to 11) 13% were receiving tuition, researchers found.

Numbers had risen since the early 80s, they said.

In 2004, the then Labour government launched a “music manifesto”, which included the pledge to give every child in England the chance of free or cut-price instrument tuition.

A scheme called Wider Opportunities was rolled out in 6,500 schools in England, Wales and Northern Ireland which involved children learning to play instruments as a class for free.

Fiona Harvey said this had been a “fantastic initiative”.

The statistics on musical tuition in independent schools were higher, she added.

ICM Research polled 1,046 parents of children aged 18 and under online between 25-30 August.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Tennessee mosque fire ‘was arson’

Murfreesboro, Tennessee

A fire that damaged construction equipment at the site of a Tennessee Islamic centre has been ruled arson.

Officials in Murfreesboro have offered a $20,000 (£13,000) reward for help finding the person they say doused a lorry in diesel and then ignited it.

The FBI said it had yet to determine whether the fire was a hate crime and would not say if it has any suspects.

The Saturday incident came amid growing anti-Muslim animosity and opposition to new mosque building across the US.

The Islamic Center of Murfreesboro has outgrown its current space and is constructing a new campus.

Mosque leaders note Muslims have lived and worshipped in Murfreesboro without any problems.

But anti-Muslim protests have risen in recent months, provoked in part by opposition to a developer’s plans to build an Islamic community centre near the site of the World Trade Center in New York City.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Why reading Arabic is particularly hard for brain.

Lebanon Arabic books (AP)In the Lebanon, an Arabic language festival encourages children to learn the Arabic alphabet

Israeli scientists believe they have identified why Arabic is particularly hard to learn to read.

The University of Haifa team say people use both sides of their brain when they begin reading a language – but when learning Arabic this is wasting effort.

The detail of Arabic characters means students should use only the left side of their brain because that side is better at distinguishing detail.

The findings from the study of 40 people are reported in Neuropsychology.

“The particular characteristics of Arabic make it hard for the right hemisphere to be involved”

Professor Zohar Eviatar University of Haifa, Israel

When someone learns to read Arabic they have to work out which letters are which, and which ones go with which sounds.

It is the ability to tell letters apart that seems to work differently in Arabic – because telling the characters apart involves looking at very small details such as the placement of dots.

Professor Zohar Eviatar, who led the research team, said: “The particular characteristics of Arabic make it hard for the right hemisphere to be involved. When you are starting something new, there is a lot of [right hemisphere] involvement.”

The researchers looked at 40 university students. Some of the students only spoke Hebrew, while some also spoke and read Arabic well.

In order to work out which side of the brain reads letters, the researchers flashed letters for a 10th of a second to one side of a screen or the other.

When the eyes see something for just a short time, and it is at one side of a screen, only one brain hemisphere is quick enough to process the image.

The team measured how fast and how accurate the students were when they tried to tell letters apart, first in Hebrew and then in Arabic.

Gaza school (BBC)In Gaza, children learn to read Arabic

All the students could read Hebrew well, and they all used both left and right hemispheres to tell Hebrew letters apart.

The same thing has previously been found with English letters.

Characters in English and Hebrew are easier to tell apart because there are clearer differences between them than there are in Arabic.

When they looked at the students’ reading of Arabic letters it gave the team a clue about why children find the language difficult to learn to read.

The Hebrew-only speakers behaved like children just starting to read most languages – they tried to tell Arabic letters apart, managed to do it slowly but made a lot of mistakes, and used both hemispheres of their brains.

The good Arabic readers, however, only used their left hemispheres to tell Arabic letters apart.

The researchers were intrigued by this and investigated further. They wanted to know why the right hemisphere was not working when reading Arabic letters, so they set a right hemisphere challenge.

They showed the students pairs of extremely similar Arabic letters – with just “local” differences – and letters that are more different – with “global” differences.

When the Arabic readers saw similar letters with their right hemispheres, they answered randomly – they could not tell them apart at all.

“The right hemisphere is more sensitive to the global aspects of what it’s looking at, while the left hemisphere is more sensitive to the local features,” says Professor Eviatar.

The team think this may give them some clues about what readers may be doing wrong when they begin to try to read Arabic.

Both young children and adults call on both hemispheres to help them learn a new task.

And using both hemispheres is the right thing to do when reading English or Hebrew – so children’s learning strategies would be fine if they were reading another language.

But previous research has found that the right hemisphere is not that good at distinguishing small details, so readers starting to learn Arabic have to learn to focus on small details, which is not natural to them, but could help them shift to their left hemispheres.

Now the researchers want to compare new and highly expert Arabic readers in the hope of finding out what their brains are doing when they look at letters.

Ultimately, they would like to work out how to teach Arabic reading better to children, including helping them to tell letters apart and how to remember which sound goes with which letter.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

US cargo plane crashes in Dubai

A cargo plane has crashed near a major motorway in Dubai, according to local officials and media reports.

There is no word yet on casualties.

The plane came down near the Emirates Road, setting some cars on fire, al-Arabiya television reported.

An official quoted by the channel said a fire had broken out in the plane as it attempted to land at Dubai airport.

No details on the model or size of the aircraft were provided.

The official news agency WAM said the plane had come down in an unpopulated area on Friday evening.

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This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Murder inquiry launched in Armagh

Detectives in Armagh city have begun a murder inquiry after a man’s body was found in the Castle Street area.

It is understood the man, who was 32, was found at an apartment at about 1200 BST on Friday.

A post-mortem examination is to be carried out to determine the exact cause of death.

Newry and Armagh MLA Cathal Boylan said the community was “shocked” by the killing. He urged anyone with information to contact the PSNI.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Worshippers ‘just escaped blast’

Worshippers are believed to be trapped after an explosion and fire at a Hare Krishna temple in Leicester.

A third of the terraced property on Thoresby Street has been destroyed and is too unstable for crews to enter.

Specialist rescue teams and equipment, including search dogs and thermal imaging cameras, are being used to establish if any casualties are inside.

A wide cordon is in place around the building, which is still on fire, according to eyewitnesses.

A spokeswoman for Leicestershire Fire Service confirmed they have had reports people were inside the temple at the time of the blast.

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This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.