Freeze ovaries to boost fertility

Pregnant womenMany women choose to concentrate first on their career, leaving motherhood for later

Young women should freeze parts of their ovaries if they want to postpone motherhood until later in life, a US fertility expert has said.

Dr Sherman Silber told the American Society for Reproductive Medicine meeting in Denver a woman could freeze her ovary at 19 to use when she was 40.

Dr Silber, who says the procedure would work better than egg freezing, did the first full ovary transplant in 2007.

But UK experts warned ovary freezing had not been sufficiently tested.

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Women are most fertile when they are young, with the chances to become pregnant diminishing with age, he said.

Although egg-freezing techniques are currently available at clinics in the UK, they usually harbour only a handful of eggs at a time.

It is far from enough to guarantee that a woman would be able to conceive when she decides to re-implant them in future.

Storing a part of an ovary may yield as many as 60,000 eggs, Dr Silber, who is based at the St Luke’s clinic in Saint Louis, said.

He added: “The question is, how many cycles of egg retrieval do you need to feel comfortable and secure that you have enough eggs?”

“There’s no absolute answer. Women who do egg freezing can’t just have one cycle and think they’ve got it all solved.”

And those who opt for several rounds of egg retrieval have to pay for every single procedure, making it “prohibitively expensive”, he added.

But he said that removing and then freezing around a section of the ovarian tissue meant “one procedure and the whole thing is done”.

Although there are already seven centres around the world that offer the storage of frozen ovarian tissue, there are none in the UK.

Tony Rutherford, chairman of the British Fertility Society, said the research was still very recent and much more needed to be done to ensure the procedure’s effectiveness, especially in how successful the re-grafting of the ovarian tissue when a woman was ready to try and conceive would be.

“We don’t know how many people have grafts and therefore we don’t know how many have been successful and how many have failed,” he said.

“People need to know that it is not a guarantee”

Susan Seenan Infertility Network UK

“We need to see clear evidence of [the method’s] effectiveness and that’s what we don’t have at the moment.”

Dr Silber claimed his hospital in Saint Louis has so far managed to carry out three successful ovarian tissue transplants using frozen tissue, which resulted in three births.

There have been 23 babies born from ovary or ovarian tissue transplants worldwide.

Dr Silber added: “We are in the middle of a fertility epidemic across the developed world and the reason our society is changing,” he said.

A technician freezing eggsClinics that offer the storage of frozen eggs are available across the UK

“People are not trying to have children or are not even thinking about getting married until they are 35.”

But Susan Seenan of Infertility Network UK told BBC News there was no guarantee that any of the currently used methods, including IVF, would ensure a woman could conceive.

“People should be very careful not to rely on this as a guarantee of success in the future, because you can’t actually ensure your fertility.

“There could be other fertility issues, such as blocked tubes or an infertile partner.

“People need to know that it is not a guarantee.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Six water firms miss leak targets

Burst pipe spews water on to a street near Lancaster Gate in London on 16 May 2006 Last year’s bitter winter saw a surge in the number of burst pipes reported

Nearly a quarter of all water companies in England and Wales failed to do enough to tackle leaks last year, the industry regulator Ofwat has said.

Its annual report said while companies continued to deliver safe, reliable supplies, six out of 21 companies did not meet their leakage targets.

The worst offender was Yorkshire Water which lost on average 295 million litres a day last year, Ofwat said.

This was 20 million litres more than the level set by the regulator.

This is the first time so many water companies have failed to hit their annual leakage targets.

But it is thought last year’s harsh winter, which saw a surge in the number of burst pipes being reported, may have played a part.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Somalia Islamists ‘execute spies’

Government soldierFighters from al-Shabab control much of southern and central Somalia

Two young women have been publicly executed by Somali Islamist group al-Shabab, reports say.

They were shot dead by firing squad in a square in the central city of Beledweyne.

The pair, who were aged 15 and 18, were sentenced to death on Wednesday after being accused of spying, AP reports.

Somalia has had no functioning government since 1991. The al-Qaeda-linked group al-Shabab and its allies control much of the country’s south.

The two young women were named by AP as 18-year-old Ayan Mohamed Jama, and Huriyo Ibrahim, 15.

Al-Shabab militiamen walked through the town’s streets, telling residents about the executions by loudspeaker and ordering everyone to attend, reports the agency.

The militia group’s regional commander, Sheikh Yusuf Ali Ugas, said the two had been found guilty of spying and being what he described as “enemies of Islam”.

But a woman who saw the execution, Sadia Osman, said one of the young women had said she was innocent of the charges, AP reports.

One eyewitness described how people in the crowd were shocked by the sight of the killings.

“One of the women who saw the execution today collapsed and lost consciousness after she saw the cruel way the girls were shot,” Da’ud Ahmed said.

Somalia’s UN-backed government authority only controls parts of Mogadishu and a few other areas, although it has been gaining ground from al-Shabab in recent weeks.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

UK retail sales growth ‘slowing’

shoppersThe CBI reckons spending growth will slow in 2011

Retail sales slowed in October from the month before, according to the latest CBI distributive trades survey.

The CBI said that although sales rose for the fourth month running, the slower pace reflected a more subdued housing market.

The survey found that 58% of retailers said sales rose in October, with 22% reporting a fall, a balance of +36%.

This down on the +49% in September, and below the +47% retailers had forecast for October in last month’s survey.

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Lai Wah Co, the CBI’s head of economic analysis, said: “High Street sales in aggregate have performed well again this month, but sales of durable household goods have slowed noticeably, in line with more subdued housing market activity of late.”

As in the previous month, the clothing, footwear and leather sectors saw strong sales growth.

Looking to November, a balance of +43% of retailers expect a higher volume of sales than a year ago.

“Retailers expect sales growth to continue next month, in the run-up to Christmas. We should also see a boost to sales as shoppers look to beat the New Year VAT rise,” the CBI said.

“But looking beyond that, broader consumer caution may temper growth in spending in 2011.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

New France strike as protest ebbs

A striking worker in Nantes (26 October 2010)Striking workers are still angry about the plans for pension reform

French unions and protesters are mounting another day of strikes and action over the government’s pension reform, despite the plan being passed.

Public transport, including flights to and from Orly airport in Paris, are expected to be disrupted.

But support for the strikes is said to be waning after the National Assembly voted on Wednesday to raise the pension age by two years, from 60 to 62.

The bill faces a legal challenge before France’s president can sign it off.

President Nicolas Sarkozy aims to sign the bill into law in November.

Thursday will be the seventh day of action since the beginning of the dispute over pension reform.

Protest leaders are aiming to organise marches in about 100 French towns and cities, in concert with strikes by public sector unions.

Aviation officials predict half of flights at Paris Orly airport will be cancelled and 30% at other airports.

Trains, post offices, schools and public services will all be affected again.

Union leaders say they will also pursue the protest in other ways.

“I don’t want to work until I’m 67 years old and I don’t what my son to be unemployed”

Jean-Luc Hacquart CGT Union

However, the BBC’s Christian Fraser, in Paris, says the momentum has been with the government for several days now.

The final vote in parliament on Wednesday means pension reform is now inevitable – unless the president performs an unlikely u-turn, he adds.

The unions say the marches in Paris and all the provincial cities will be smaller than those seen in recent weeks.

They blame the half-term school break, but they also know the sprit of the protest has been drained by the unstoppable political process, our correspondent adds.

Rolling strikes and blockades at oil refineries are continuing and are now into a fourth week, continuing to inconvenience travellers and businesses.

Eleven of France’s 12 refineries were closed on Wednesday and fuel imports into France have now risen to more than four times their normal levels.

The National Assembly, France’s lower house, voted the bill through by 336 votes for to 233 against.

The upper house, the Senate, backed the bill by 177 votes to 151 on Tuesday.

Prime Minister Francois Fillon sought to draw a line under the protests, urging opponents to respect the will of parliament.

“It was right to have a vigorous debate but the law of the Republic should henceforth be respected by all,” he said in a statement.

Jean-Luc Hacquart, a representative of the CGT union in Paris, said he opposed the pension reform because it was “unfair”.

“I don’t want to work until I’m 67 years old and I don’t what my son to be unemployed,” he said, speaking at the Grandpuits oil refinery.

“That’s why I’m here. It is not legitimate. They do what they want. We knew that this bill would be approved but democracy is not carte blanche given to people who do what they want in-between each election.”

Opinion polls suggest that the pension battle has sent Mr Sarkozy’s approval ratings to record lows of below 30%, 18 months before the next presidential election.

An Ifop poll taken last week also suggested that 59% of French people opposed the blockade of refineries, road junctions and companies by strikers.

France refineries location map

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No stop and search terror arrests

Police search youthPolice use of stop and search powers is controversial

Not one person stopped and searched under anti-terrorism powers in Britain was arrested for terrorism-related offences last year, figures show.

The Home Office statistics also showed no terror suspects had been held in custody before charge for longer than 14 days since 2007.

In all, 101,248 people were stopped and searched in England, Wales and Scotland under Section 44 of the Terrorism Act.

Of the 506 arrests that resulted, none was terrorism-related.

Since July, police are not allowed to stop and search people unless they “reasonably suspect” them of being a terrorist.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Journalist and Sheridan ‘had sex’

Tommy SheridanMs Khan claims to have visited a swingers’ club with Mr Sheridan

A former News of the World columnist has told the Tommy Sheridan perjury trial that she had sex with the former MSP while he was married.

Anvar Khan also told the High Court in Glasgow she went with Mr Sheridan and three other people to a swingers’ club in Manchester in the autumn of 2002.

Mr Sheridan and his wife Gail, both 46, are accused of perjury.

They deny lying at his successful defamation case against the News of the World in 2006.

The former Scottish Socialist Party (SSP) leader won £200,000 in damages after the newspaper printed allegations about his private life, claiming he was an adulterer who had visited a swingers club.

Following a police investigation, Mr Sheridan and his wife were charged with perjury.

Freelance journalist Ms Khan, 43, told the court that she first met Mr Sheridan in the course of her work around 1992 and went on to have sex with him on several occasions.

“We went into his bedroom, there was a large picture of Che Guevara above the bed, and we had a shag”

Anvar Khan Witness

She said that Mr Sheridan had phoned her after she moved from Scotland to London, telling her he had visited a sex club on his own and asking her to go with him.

She said the telephone conversation took place around September 2002.

“He said he had been to a sex club, or a swingers’ club. I was surprised. He said: ‘I went on my own’,” she said.

“He wanted to know if I would go with him and a couple of his friends to this club again.

“I was surprised. I think I may have said: ‘Didn’t anyone recognise you?’

“I didn’t exactly say I was staying in washing my hair. I said it was interesting.”

Ms Khan then told the court that Mr Sheridan made arrangements for the trip to the club and she was to fly to Glasgow at the end of September, adding: “I think it could have been September 27.”

She said she had become “mates” with Mr Sheridan and asked him for advice on campaigning, as well as looking to him for stories for the newspapers she worked for.

She said there was initially “a very flirtatious atmosphere” between the two and they “had a snog” before making “a date for sex” at his home in the Pollok area of Glasgow in 1992.

She told how she had sex with Mr Sheridan beneath a picture of Communist revolutionary Che Guevara.

She said: “What struck me was pictures of left-wing intellectuals on the walls. We went into his bedroom, there was a large picture of Che Guevara above the bed, and we had a shag.”

Ms Khan, who is now married but told the court she preferred to use her maiden name during proceedings, said she next saw Mr Sheridan around 1999, or 2000, adding that she “believed” he was now married to his wife Gail.

She said he visited her home in the Kelvindale area of Glasgow on two occasions, once with one person, and once with his brother-in-law Andrew McFarlane and a woman named Suzie.

Advocate depute Alex Prentice QC asked her: “Did you have sexual intercourse?”

She replied: “Yes”.

He then asked: “Was anyone else present?”

She said: “Yes”.

She said that on the second occasion she had asked Sheridan to bring a “carry-out” with him, saying that he had turned up with around 20 miniature bottles of wine of the type given out on aeroplanes.

She told the court: “I remember being quite taken aback that he didn’t understand that a carry-out meant full wine bottles.”

It is alleged that Mr Sheridan made false statements as a witness in his defamation action against the News of the World on 21 July 2006.

He also denies another charge of attempting to persuade a witness to commit perjury shortly before the 23-day legal action got under way.

Mrs Sheridan denies making false statements on 31 July 2006, after being sworn in as a witness in the civil jury trial at the Court of Session in Edinburgh.

The trial, before Lord Bracadale, continues.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Torture ‘abhorrent’ says MI6 head

Sir John Sawers

Sir John Sawers said MI6 staff would have “nothing whatsoever” to do with torture

The head of MI6, Sir John Sawers, has described torture as “illegal and abhorrent” and defended the service’s need for secrecy.

He said his organisation faced “real, constant operational dilemmas” to avoid using intelligence which had been gathered by torture.

He also said secrecy was “not a dirty word” and played “a crucial part in keeping Britain safe and secure”.

He is the first serving MI6 chief to make a public speech in its 100 years.

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Known in Whitehall as C, the 55-year-old was speaking at a meeting of the Society of Editors in London.

He said: “Torture is illegal and abhorrent under any circumstances and we have nothing whatsoever to do with it.

“If we know or believe action by us will lead to torture taking place, we’re required by UK and international law to avoid that action, and we do, even though that allows that terrorist activity to go ahead.

“Some may question this. But we are clear that it’s the right thing to do. It makes us strive even harder to find different ways, consistent with human rights, to get the outcome we want.

“Suppose we received credible intelligence that might save lives, here or abroad. We have a professional and moral duty to act on it. We will normally want to share it with those who can save those lives,” he said.

Innocent lives

“We also have a duty to do what we can to ensure that a partner service will respect human rights. That is not always straightforward.

“Yet if we hold back, and don’t pass that intelligence, out of concern that a suspect terrorist may be badly treated, innocent lives may be lost that we could have saved.

“These are not abstract questions just for philosophy courses or searching editorials, they are real, constant operational dilemmas. Sometimes there is no clear way forward. The more finely-balanced judgment have to be made by ministers themselves.”

“It’s an enormous tribute to the men and women of our intelligence and security agencies and to our cooperation to our partners services around the world, that so few of these appalling plots develop into real terrorist attacks”

Sir John Sawers

It was essential for MI6 agents and other intelligence agencies to be sure that their secrets were protected, in order to succeed in countering any terror threat, he added, saying his organisation was the “secret front line” protecting Britain.

“Secrecy is not a dirty word. Secrecy is not there as a cover-up. Secrecy plays a crucial part in keeping Britain safe and secure.

“Secret organisations need to stay secret, even if we present an occasional public face, as I am doing today. If our operations and methods become public, they won’t work. Agents take risks.

“They will not work with SIS [Secret Intelligence Service], will not pass us the secrets they hold, unless they can trust us not to expose them. Our foreign partners need to have certainty that what they tell us will remain secret, not just most of the time, but always.”

He also said there was “no single reason for the terrorist phenomenon”.

He added: “Some blame political issues like Palestine or Kashmir or Iraq. Others cite economic disadvantage, distortions of the Islamic faith, male supremacy, the lack of normal checks and balances in some countries. There are many theories.

“I’ve worked a lot in the Islamic world. I agree with those who say we need to be steady and stand by our friends. Over time, moving to a more open system of government in these countries, one more responsive to people’s grievances, will help.

“But if we demand an abrupt move to the pluralism that we in the West enjoy, we may undermine the controls that are now in place. And terrorists will end up with new opportunities.”

Sir John also said that the “most draining aspect” of his job was reading daily intelligence reports describing the plotting of terrorists “bent on maiming and murdering people in this country”.

He added: “It’s an enormous tribute to the men and women of our intelligence and security agencies and to our cooperation to our partners services around the world, that so few of these appalling plots develop into real terrorist attacks.”

Before being appointed head of MI6, Sir John was the UK’s permanent representative to the UN. Before that he was political director at the Foreign Office, an envoy in Baghdad and a foreign affairs adviser to former Prime Minister Tony Blair.

He has also worked in the British embassy in Washington, as an ambassador in Cairo and to South Africa from 1988 and 1991 when apartheid was ending.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

US ‘not tracking Afghan spending’

A private security contractor watches a Nato supply truck drive past in the province of Ghazni, south-west of Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, Oct 27, 2010. Billions have been spent on contractors in Afghanistan, but US records are poor

The US government has spent about $55bn on rebuilding in Afghanistan since 2001 but cannot easily show how the money was spent, a government watchdog says.

The special inspector general’s office for Afghanistan reconstruction talked of a “confusing labyrinth” of spending.

It said some 7,000 contractors received $17.7bn from 2007-09 but data prior to 2007 was too poor to be analysed.

It is the first comprehensive audit of US spending in Afghanistan since US-led troops ousted the Taliban in 2001.

According to the report, US government agencies are not tracking Afghan contracts in a shared database and cannot easily show where the money went.

The BBC’s Quentin Sommerville in Kabul says record-keeping has been so poor that most of the money has not been properly recorded.

The Pentagon, state department and USAID “are unable to readily report on how much money they spend on contracting for reconstruction activities in Afghanistan”, said the report from the special inspector general’s office, which was set up by Congress.

It was also not clear who had received money disbursed by the three agencies, which are the biggest US spenders on Afghan reconstruction.

“If we don’t even know who we’re giving money to, it is nearly impossible to conduct systemwide oversight”

Special inspector general for AfghanistanAfghan contractors ‘fund Taliban’Iran’s cash to Kabul worries US

Pentagon contracts worth $11.5bn for construction, supplies and logistics in Afghanistan went to more than 6,615 contractors between 2007 and 2009, the audit found. Half of that money went to just 41 contractors.

USAID spent $3.8bn during that time and the state department $2.4bn.

“The audit shows that navigating the confusing labyrinth of government contracting is difficult, at best,” according to the watchdog.

It said there had been little co-ordination within and between US government agencies. The three agencies mentioned above, for example, do not separate their spending in Afghanistan from other US-funded projects around the world.

“If we don’t even know who we’re giving money to, it is nearly impossible to conduct systemwide oversight,” the inspector general, Arnold Fields, said.

US special envoy Richard Holbrooke has voiced similar concerns in the past, talking of an “ununified” effort by the US, the UN and hundreds of other countries and aid agencies in Afghanistan.

According to the inspector general’s audit, the largest contract between 2007 and 2009 was with US company DynCorp. It received about $1.8bn for police training and counter-narcotics work in Afghanistan.

Kabul police at scene of bomb blast near palace destroyed during civil war in 1990s (file photo: May 2010)Much of Afghanistan remains to be rebuilt after years of war

A Kabul construction company received nearly $700m to build offices and barracks.

In a separate report, the inspector general found that six buildings constructed for the Afghan national police – which cost the US taxpayer $5.5m – were unusable.

The quality of construction was so bad that the sites in Helmand and Kandahar could collapse in an earthquake, it reported.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Rescue ship docks with fire crew

Rescue operation at The Athena. Pic: French NavyEleven life rafts were deployed from the Athena after fire broke out in a storage area

Fire crews are on standby at a Cornish port to board a stricken factory fishing ship amid concerns that a blaze on board may still be burning.

The Athena, which caught fire about 230 miles (370km) south west off the Isles of Scilly on Wednesday, is due at Falmouth some time after 1400 BST.

The container ship Vega, which rescued 98 of the crew from the Athena, is due to arrive on Thursday morning.

None of the 111 crew was injured in the fire which was confined to a store.

Falmouth coastguard watch manager Martin Bidmead said: “There is considerable damage in the fishmeal store and the captain has not entered the area because of the danger of re-igniting the fire.

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“He has been monitoring the area overnight and says the temperature is gradually reducing.

“If the fire is still alight Cornwall Fire and Rescue will be involved.”

Thirteen people stayed aboard the Faroes-based Athena to bring it to Falmouth.

Coastguards who co-ordinated the rescue operation, were alerted to the fire at about 0620 BST on Wednesday.

The master of the ship evacuated non-essential personnel to life rafts after the blaze broke out while it was sailing to its next fishing area.

The Athena was constructed in 1992 and rebuilt in China this year following another fire.

The crew people on board included Chinese, Russians, Peruvians and Scandinavians.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

11th hour

Wristwatch close-up

One in seven people in the UK have no need for a watch, a survey suggests. Are mobile phone time displays killing off the wristwatch?

For decades, people have sworn they would be lost without one.

A faulty movement or dead battery sent them scurrying to the watch repairers, desperate to restore to their lives the order of a regular tick.

And in today’s time-poor society, the need to keep tabs on the passing minutes is greater than ever.

But according to market analyst Mintel, the growth of portable digital products – phones, laptops, MP3 players – with time displays represents a gathering cloud over the watch industry.

In its survey of more than 1,500 people in the UK, 14% said they had no need for a watch. Mirrored across the country, that would amount to 7.2 million people, while the percentage doubled among 15 to 24-year-olds.

Mintel’s analysts believe this will continue, with market figures showing a 9% increase in mobile phone ownership since 2005. The number of watch owners remained static.

iPod NanoDigital music player or wristwatch? You get to decide

“It’s a growing trend that… is a potential threat to demand for standard wristwatches,” says Mintel’s Tamara Sender. “Young people who have grown up with technology are just as likely to check the time with a mobile phone.”

Watches remain popular – 86% of people still own one, even if many of those last saw their timepiece buried somewhere in their sock drawer. Sales are expected to hold up – if not grow – as people replace broken ones.

But the concept of the watch could change, says Ms Sender.

Mintel cites as an example the new iPod nano, a miniaturised version of Apple’s popular digital music player, which features a watch face and a clip on the back allowing it to be worn with a wrist-strap.

Such convergence of technology – as with phones, cameras, MP3 players and internet applications – is inevitable, according to Dr Ben Highmore.

Wristwatches are becoming “redundant” and will probably disappear in the coming decades, believes the cultural trends lecturer at the University of Sussex. “If you’re in the habit of wearing a watch, you’ll continue.”

“But if you’re growing up as a ‘digital native’ with a mobile phone and you don’t get into that habit, then it’s a leap to buy one.”

Watch use is it today?

Even in this age of Blackberrys, iPads, and smart phones, all replete with the exact time, a good watch is much more than a time piece, it’s the face you look at most frequently throughout the course of the day, it’s the accessory that means the most to you, it’s the marvellous piece of miniscule mechanics that accompanies you everywhere you go.

For some it’s an investment (good watches appreciate in value), for some it’s a family heirloom (I still have the watch my grandfather gave to my father), and for some it’s a way to show off.

But for everyone who falls in love with a watch, a watch is the one item that goes everywhere with you, so that even in that lonely motel room on a business trip, or sitting as I am right now stranded in an airport, you can look at your watch and feel a sense of comfort. A watch is your best mechanical friend, wherever you go.

Even so, he admits: “Buying a Rolex isn’t about knowing the time.” It’s bound up with one of the historical reasons for carrying a watch – status.

At the beginning of the 20th Century the fashion was for pocket watches, says Jonathan Scatchard, author of Miller’s guide to wristwatches.

“It was a bit of a rite of passage; a real man had a chain with a watch hanging from it,” he says. During World War I, the practicalities of trench warfare led soldiers to attach them to the wrist with leather straps.

But it was not until improved technology, such as the self-winding mechanism, allowed for smaller, more convenient pieces, that they became the norm.

“Even in the late 1920s it could be thought of as a little bit effeminate if a man wore a wristwatch,” says Mr Scatchard, who runs a website dedicated to another vintage status brand, Heuer.

Traditional wristwatches have seen off the threat of technology before – when consumers in the 1980s enjoyed an intense if short interest in the Japanese-pioneered digital watches – and will do again, he says.

“The fascination is with something made by hand that has a tick; almost like a heartbeat,” he says.

“We all have mobile phones but they are out of date in two years and you never get attached to them.”

But are pricey, carefully-crafted timepieces really likely to win over the emerging generation of wristwatch refuseniks?

Calculator watchA calculator on a watch – what’s not to like?

While acknowledging this is the preserve of wealthy adults, Mr Scatchard says: “As younger people get older and start to have a bit more money, their attitudes will change.”

It’s a sentiment echoed by veteran watch repairer Robin Martin, who has experienced the industry’s ups and downs from his Portsmouth repair shop since 1959.

“Absolute rubbish” is his response to the question of whether watch-wearing is in decline. “We’re busier today than ever before. I haven’t found any drop-off in use, even at the younger end,” he says.

If young people are to be won over it will be through designer brands according to Mintel.

A quarter of those aged 15 to 24 preferred designer labels, although prices would likely put off young teenage buyers like the readers of Sugar magazine.

“Girls just want something bright and fancy, maybe with a bit of ‘bling’,” says Jo Sawkins, fashion editor at Sugar, adding that many girls choose cheap imitations of designer watches worn by celebrities.

Casio is tapping in to that youth market by using young stars such as singers Ke$ha and Pixie Lott to promote its Baby-G range of durable, brightly-coloured watches. But while some are available under £50, many cost more.

“Unless it’s a birthday or Christmas gift, when it’s something parents would spend money on, I don’t know that a watch is something they would buy,” says Ms Sawkins.

“It gets more to do with status the older they get.”

Whether they come to view watches as essential in the way their parents did, however, only time will tell.

Interesting article. About 7 years ago I stopped wearing a wristwatch because I always had my phone on me. Last year I purchased an Android smartphone. This is a great device but the battery only lasts a day; and often I would find myself without the time. Because of this, I bought a new Casio watch earlier this year. Its not designer, but it does automatically update itself via the Rugby time signal.

Arthur Embleton, Beckenham

I’m 47 and haven’t worn a watch for more than 20 years – well before mobile phones, ipods etc. I have a clock in the car on my motorbike, on my pushbike, plenty at home, on my mobile phone. I do however wear a watch – my father’s, as jewellery and it is a clockwork one too.

Andrew Clarke, Sandbach

I used to wear a watch, but stopped about 12 years ago. Between my mobile phone, computer screens, clocks in every room at home (eg oven, bedside clock etc) I simply have no need for one. On the very rare occasions I do need to wear a watch, it feels uncomfortable.

Benjy, London, UK

I Don’t need a wrist watch, I work in front a computer with the time, I have a mobile with the time, the oven, the TV, the car, and so the list goes on. But I wear one and trust it more that any other time piece. Eight O’clock very morning I check it against the Radio 4 pips, so I know that it is spot on, and I feel naked without it.

Alex Moon, Reading

As I sit here at my desk I can see the time on my computer, the time on my desk phone and the time on the clock on the building across the road… and the time on my watch. I’ve worn a watch since I was a young child and had my first “learn to tell the time” watch. While it seems the time is displayed everywhere you look my arm still feels naked without a watch. I like wearing it, I like that when its pouring down with rain you don’t have to dig an expensive piece of digital equipment out from whatever pocket its stashed in to know the time. I can’t see me ever getting rid of my watch.

Angela, Manchester

As a doctor, I used to love wearing my favoured time piece to work: an essential piece of equipment for timing pulses, respiratory rate and other vital signs. However, the infection control policies have removed everything below our elbows in the name of fighting infection. That’s 200,000 fewer watch wearers in the work place.

A doctor, Sheffield

The 3rd most often used feature on a mobile phone after voice calling and sending texts is to check the time and use it as an alarm clock. I have a watch I paid a lot of money for sitting in a drawer nowadays to be worn as a piece of jewellery and because the watch needs winding, the time and date updating each time I do put it on I don’t even bother because I have my phone with me at all times.

Josh Dhaliwal, Brighton

I’m a jeweller with a shop in Stowmarket, yes, it’s true that a lot of young people just look at their mobile for the time but the rest of my customers still like a good watch. They are very brand aware and my second hand watch section with older mechanical watches is thriving. Watches from the sixties and seventies are really popular so I cannot see a downturn in sales at all.

Joe Dormer, Stowmarket, Suffolk

I thought this was the case until the other day when our 18 year old daughter proudly sent us a photo of her ‘new’ watch purchased for £15 from the local Cancer Research charity shop. It would seem that she needs a constant reminder on her Gap Year project that time keeping is crucial and the phone just wasn’t the answer.

Louise Third, Nottingham

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This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Neutron star is record breaker

Artist's concept of a pulsar (SPL)Artist’s concept: Pulsars are so-called because of the way their radio emission is detected at Earth

Astronomers have discovered what they say is the mightiest neutron star yet.

The super-dense object, which lies some 3,000 light-years from Earth, is about twice as massive as our Sun.

That is 20% greater than the previous record holder, the US-Dutch team behind the observation tells the journal Nature.

Like all neutron stars, the object’s matter is packed into an incredibly small space probably no bigger than the centre of a big city like London.

“The typical size of a neutron star is something like 10km in radius,” said Dr Paul Demorest from the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Charlottesville, US.

“The size is easy to understand but the densitiy is much more extreme than anything we know here on Earth”

Dr Paul Demorest National Radio Astronomy Observatory

“It’s approximately the size of a city, which for an astronomical object is interesting because people can conceive of it pretty easily; and yet in that space it has the mass in this case about two times our Sun. So the size is easy to understand but the densitiy is much more extreme than anything we know here on Earth,” the study’s lead author told BBC News.

The finding is important, says Dr Demorest’s team, because it puts constraints on the type of exotic material that can form a neutron star.

Such objects are thought to be the remnant cores of once giant stars that blew themselves apart at the ends of their lives.

Theory holds that all atomic material not dispersed in this supernova blast collapses to form a body made up almost entirely of neutrons – the tiny particles that appear in the nuclei of many atoms.

As well being fantastically compact, the cores also spin incredibly fast.

This particular object, classified as PSR J1614-2230, revolves 317 times a second.

It is what is termed a pulsar – so-called because it sends out lighthouse-like beams of radio waves that are seen as radio “pulses” every time they sweep over the Earth.

Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia (NRAO)The observations were made using the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia

The pulses are akin to the ticks of a clock, and the properties of stable neutron stars make for ultra-precise time-pieces.

This was how the team, observing with the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia, was able to measure the object’s mass.

Because PSR J1614-2230 also circles a companion star, its pulses – as received at Earth – are disturbed by the neighbour’s gravity.

“The way it works is that as the pulses travel from the neutron star past the companion, they slow down a little bit.

“And how we see that on Earth is that the pulses arrive a little later than we would otherwise expect when the neutron star is lined up behind the companion,” Dr Demorest said.

The team could use this effect to calculate the masses of both bodies.

The group reports a pulsar mass 1.97 times that of our Sun – significantly greater than the previous precise record of 1.67 solar masses.

The result is said to put limits on the type of dense matter that can make up the cores of these bizarre objects.

Some scientists had suggested exotic particles such as hyperons, kaon condensates or free quarks could exist deep inside neutron stars. But Dr Demorest and colleagues believe their observations preclude this possibility.

“It’s simply that if those particles were formed, the star would get too dense and collapse into a black hole prior to this point,” the NRAO researcher said.

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This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Police ‘sorry’ over murder error

Donna Forrest. Pic: Copyline ScotlandDonna Forrest was murdered at a house in Balintore in April

A police force has apologised to the family of a woman murdered in her Easter Ross home after they failed to spot vital evidence in the case.

The kitchen knife used to kill Donna Forrest, 30, was missed by Northern Constabulary during searches of the murder scene in Balintore, near Tain.

It was only found by the victim’s family weeks later behind a microwave.

Philip Fraser, 50, was jailed for 20 years in July for stabbing Ms Forrest and attacking her with a claw hammer.

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He murdered Ms Forrest while free on licence after killing his ex-wife Katherine Scafe in 1997.

The pair had a brief relationship, although mother-of-one Ms Forrest broke it off and began seeing another man.

She had told friends Fraser was pestering her and had gone to the local police, as well as meeting with support workers from Women’s Aid.

In a statement, Northern Constabulary said an internal investigation was ongoing and steps had been taken to address “specific officer skills”.

“The force recognises that this particular factor fell short of its otherwise high investigative standard and has rightly apologised to the family of the victim, Donna Forrest, in relation to this issue,” it said.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.