Focus on happiness – archbishop

Rowan WiliamsThe Archbishop of Canterbury said politicians had now started to talk about happiness
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The Archbishop of Canterbury has said in his Easter sermon that corporate prosperity without fulfilment is an “empty thing”.

Rowan Williams said it was a good thing that people were realising there is “more to life than Gross National Product”.

Earlier, the Archbishop of Westminster said he was praying for those in areas blighted by conflict and disaster.

Archbishop Vincent Nichols said he hoped for peace in Libya and elsewhere.

“We watch the work of death every day, in the natural disasters of Japan, in the ceaseless work of war in zones of conflict around the world,” he said in his Easter homily.

“Today we pray for peace: for the city of Misrata and for a ceasefire in Libya that new political structures may be put in place; for peace in Afghanistan, in Syria, across the Middle East, in Ivory Coast and in so many other places”.

Meanwhile, the Queen has led the royal family for their traditional Easter service at St George’s Chapel in Windsor Castle.

The royal family gather for their Easter service at St George's Chapel in Windsor CastleThe Easter service is one of the last formal royal engagements before Prince William’s marriage

Delivering his sermon at Canterbury Cathedral, Dr Williams said he welcomed the fact that politicians were now talking about the importance of happiness rather than prosperity.

“It seems that, just as we can’t find fulfilment in just loving ourselves, so we can’t just generate happiness for ourselves. It comes from outside, from relationships, environment, the unexpected stimulus of beauty – but not from any programme that we can identify,” he said.

The government has recently announced proposals to try to measure the nation’s wellbeing, with some households taking part in surveys on the issue.

Dr Williams also commended the encouragement of days of “shared celebration” such as the royal wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton.

Analysis

The royal family are creatures of habit – Summer at Balmoral, Christmas at Sandringham and Easter here at Windsor.

As always, the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh led the royal party for the service at St George’s Chapel. Also in attendance were Princess Anne, Prince Andrew with his daughters Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie, and the Earl and Countess of Wessex.

This is a significant week for the royals. The wedding on Friday will be the first time we see Kate Middleton alongside the family she’s about to join and in which it seems she’ll have a starring role.

The vast majority of wedding details are now sorted out, but two significant pieces of information will be kept under wraps until later this week.

The first is the order of service, which we won’t get until 24 hours before the start of the ceremony, and then the wedding’s best kept secret – the dress. Don’t expect to hear details of that until the moment the bride walks down the aisle.

“It’s nice and entirely appropriate that we are being encouraged to some public displays of shared celebration next Friday: let a thousand street parties blossom!”

He also stressed the value of community services, such as the local library, and warned that people should “think twice before dismantling what’s already there”.

Meanwhile, the leader of the Catholic Church in Scotland, Cardinal Keith O’Brien, meanwhile, has used his Easter message later to attack “aggressive secularism”.

The cardinal, who is known for his robust defence of traditionalist Christian teaching, said the enemies of Christianity want to “take God from the public sphere”.

He called on Christians of all denominations to resist the efforts of such people to destroy Christian heritage and culture.

It was something Pope Benedict warned about on his state visit to Britain last year.

BBC religious affairs correspondent Robert Pigott says that even by Cardinal O’Brien’s standards his Easter sermon constitutes a vehement and outspoken attack on secularism and what he will describe as the enemies of the Christian faith in Britain and the power they currently exert.

In a reference to equality legislation preventing discrimination against homosexual people, Cardinal O’Brien denounced what he claims is the way Christians have been prevented from acting in accordance with their beliefs because they refuse to endorse such lifestyles.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Doctor Who opener watched by 6.4m

Doctor Who: The Impossible AstronautThe Impossible Astronaut was followed by a tribute to late Doctor Who actress Elisabeth Sladen on CBBC
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The first episode in the new series of Doctor Who was watched by an average audience of 6.4 million viewers, according to overnight viewing figures.

On a sunny day in parts of the UK, that was down from the eight million recorded by overnight figures on Matt Smith’s show debut in April 2010.

The Impossible Astronaut had an average audience share of 36.7%. Figures peaked at seven million.

The episode featured aliens partly inspired by Edvard Munch’s The Scream.

BBC One viewers watched as Smith’s Doctor was reunited with Karen Gillan’s Amy Pond, Arthur Darvill’s Rory Williams and Alex Kingston’s River Song in 1960s America.

While final consolidated viewing figures – which include playback on recording devices – will push ratings higher, The Impossible Astronaut is likely to be the least watched series opener since Doctor Who was relaunched in 2005.

The new episode was described by the Daily Telegraph as a “wordy episode which concentrated more on atmosphere than pace and visual thrills”.

Doctor Who series openers since 20059.6m – The Eleventh Hour – 3/4/2010 (Matt Smith)9.1m – Partners in Crime – 5/4/2008 (David Tennant)8.7m – Smith and Jones – 31/3/2007 (DT)8.6m – New Earth – 15/4/2006 (DT)10.8m – Rose – 26/3/2005 (Christopher Ecclestone)

Source: Barb consolidated figures

Thanks, in part to “fizzing dialogue” and “a great concept” for a new monster, it was “a cracking start” to the new series, the paper added.

The Los Angeles Times, reviewing the programme because it is shown on BBC America, said Smith had “screwed into this role good and tight”, praising his Doctor as “an ancient child, an unstable mix of authority and impulsiveness”.

But Kevin O’Sullivan, writing in the Sunday Mirror, said the episode was called The Impossible Astronaut because it was “impossible to understand” complaining that “this ball of all-round confusion was no way to start a series”.

The episode had been written for “strictly sci-fi nerds only”, he added.

Elisabeth Sladen and Tom Baker Sladen starred as Sarah Jane Smith opposite Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker, pictured, in Doctor Who

Saturday’s episode began with a dedication to the memory of the late Doctor Who actress Elisabeth Sladen who died of cancer this week at the age of 63.

The actress also appeared in four series of spin-off show The Sarah Jane Adventures on children’s channel CBBC, which began in 2007.

At the end of the The Impossible Astronaut, a tribute to Sladen – who starred opposite Jon Pertwee and Tom Baker as the Doctor’s assistant between 1973 and 1976 – was screened on CBBC.

Saturday night’s tribute featured Smith as well as his Doctor Who predecessor David Tennant.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Prayers for sea drop death woman

Janet and George RichardsonJanet Richardson was in the water for several minutes
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Prayers are being held on board a cruise liner a Cumbrian woman was travelling on when she was dropped into the sea off Norway before later dying.

Janet Richardson, 73, was taken ill on the Ocean Countess and, as paramedics tried to transfer her to the lifeboat, she fell into near-freezing water.

She was rescued and flown to a Carlisle hospital where she died on Thursday.

UK operator Cruise and Maritime Voyages confirmed a service for Mrs Richardson was being held on the ship on Sunday.

Mrs Richardson, from near Penrith, was in the sea for several minutes before being rescued.

She had been struck down with internal bleeding on the voyage from Hull to Norway. She had hoped to see the Northern Lights with her husband George, 78.

According to eyewitness reports, as the paramedics were moving her from the ship to the lifeboat, the boats moved apart and Mrs Richardson fell into the sea.

Chris Coates, marketing director of Cruise and Maritime Voyages, said: “The directors and staff of Cruise and Maritime Voyages are all deeply shocked by the news received a short while ago that Mrs Janet Richardson has passed away.

“All our thoughts and prayers are with the Richardson family at this sad time.”

The investigation is being conducted by detectives from Salten Police District, based in Bodo, Norway.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Hague plays down AV ‘lies’ charge

William HagueMany accusations are directed at the No campaign rather than the Conservative Party, Mr Hague said

William Hague has played down claims that the No campaign in the Alternative Vote referendum has lied, but said the coalition will survive any fallout.

He made the comments after a row escalated over the cost of switching to AV and whether it would benefit parties such as the British National Party.

The Foreign Secretary told the BBC’s Andrew Marr show that he agreed with the claims made by the No camp.

Lib Dem MP Simon Hughes said earlier the No campaign was “telling untruths”.

Conservative party chairman Baroness Warsi has said changing the UK voting system to AV would mean more votes and legitimacy for the BNP.

She said it would see politicians “pandering to extremist votes”.

THE REFERENDUM CHOICE

At the moment MPs are elected by the first-past-the-post system, where the candidate getting the most votes in a constituency is elected.

On 5 May all registered UK voters will be able to vote Yes or No on whether to change the way MPs are elected to the Alternative Vote system.

Under the Alternative Vote system, voters rank candidates in their constituency in order of preference.

Anyone getting more than 50% of first-preference votes is elected.

If no-one gets 50% of votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and their backers’ second choices allocated to those remaining.

This process continues until one candidate has at least 50% of all votes in that round.

Q&A: alternative vote referendum AV referendum: Where parties stand

Mr Hughes said on the Andrew Marr show that she had been “inventing facts”.

But Mr Hague supported Baroness Warsi.

He said: “I think she’s right, because what do you do in a system where there are third and fourth preferences?

“Will the candidates in marginal seats have to think about how they’re going to get the second, third and fourth preferences of people who have voted for the BNP?

“These things are therefore not disputed facts, they’re matters of opinion about the implication of AV and they should be understood as that.”

He also said “there was no doubt” that having a more complicated system “would cost more” and that it was a legitimate issue to raise in a campaign.

But Mr Hughes, the Lib Dems’ deputy leader, said: “The people responsible ought to back off, own up that they are inventing things to try and win the campaign for the status quo and argue on the facts and merits of their campaign which is a poor one rather than trying to frighten people into keeping the current position.”

Mr Hughes added that he proposed to go to the Electoral Commission to ensure future elections did not see “untrue statements in official campaigns circulated”.

Both Mr Hague and Mr Hughes agreed that despite having differing views on whether to change the voting system, the coalition would survive the referendum.

Nick Clegg has described those campaigning for a “No” vote as “right-wing clique who want to keep things the way they are,” in the Independent on Sunday.

In response, Mr Hague said he did not know anyone in government who fitted that description and said the coalition was working well.

“Yes, we all have strong feelings but at the end of it the coalition will work very well together as it is at the moment.

“We’re used in general election campaigns to accusations flying back and forth and I think a lot of these accusations are directed at the No campaign rather than the Conservative Party.

“In a referendum campaign feelings run high, people get excited. The important thing for people to know is that the coalition is working well together.”

And Mr Hughes said the coalition contained “civilised individuals”, who could work well together.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Syria killings ‘must be probed’

Amateur picture of Syrian anti-government protester during a funeral procession for slain activists in Ezra, April 23, 2011Security forces opened fire on the funerals of protesters on Saturday

An independent inquiry must be held into the recent killings of Syrian protesters by security forces, rights activists say.

US-based Human Rights Watch led the call for an inquiry after 94 people were reported killed since Friday.

The group urged international sanctions against those ordering the shootings.

Reports from Syria say security forces have continued to round up dissidents, despite the government lifting a long-running state of emergency last week.

“After Friday’s carnage, it is no longer enough to condemn the violence,” Joe Stork of Human Rights Watch said in a statement.

“Faced with the Syrian authorities’ ‘shoot-to-kill’ strategy, the international community needs to impose sanctions on those ordering the shooting of protesters.”

Other groups, including UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and Swiss-based International Commission of Jurists, also urged international investigations of the killings.

Western governments have repeatedly condemned the violence, and on Sunday the UK advised its citizens to leave Syria because of the deteriorating security situation.

Protests began five weeks ago, with small crowds inspired by events elsewhere in the region gathering to demand modest reforms.

The authorities have reacted erratically – sometimes promising to allow more democracy and freedoms, and other times opening fire on demonstrators.

BBC map

Witnesses say the protesters’ goals have become much more radical, with many now demanding President Bashar al-Assad step down.

The past two days have been the bloodiest since the protests began.

Activists say at least 82 people were killed during protests on Friday, and 12 people were shot and killed the next day as they attended funerals for those protesters.

Security forces opened fire on mourners gathering in parts of the capital Damascus and near the flash-point southern town of Deraa, according to witnesses.

The violence came after President Assad scrapped the decades-old state of emergency – one of the main demands of the protesters.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Easter push for Holyrood election

Scottish ParliamentThere are less than two weeks until the elections for the Holyrood parliament

Politicians are hitting the campaign trail on Easter Sunday in the race for votes in the Scottish Parliament elections on 5 May.

The SNP is setting out pledges to support young families in Scotland, while comedian Eddie Izzard will join Labour leader Iain Gray in Edinburgh.

The Conservatives said they were now actively targeting Liberal Democrat list votes.

The Lib Dems will focus on volunteering to provide activities for young people.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Unease at Yemen transition plan

Protesters in Sanaa, 24 April 2011Protests against Ali Abdullah Saleh have continued in Sanaa
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Yemeni opposition parties have welcomed a plan under which President Ali Abdullah Saleh would stand down after 30 days, but protesters are still pressing for his immediate departure.

President Saleh agreed to leave power under a transition plan aimed at ending violent unrest over his 32-year rule.

Under the plan, Mr Saleh and his family would gain immunity from prosecution.

In an interview with the BBC Mr Saleh described efforts to negotiate his departure as a “coup”.

He also said al-Qaeda had infiltrated protest camps and this would have dangerous implications for Western countries.

The transition plan was drawn up by Gulf Arab states belonging to the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC).

Under it, Mr Saleh would hand over to his vice-president one month after an agreement is signed with the opposition, and presidential elections would follow a month later.

The ruling General People’s Congress party accepted the plan late on Saturday.

Analysis

The opposition in Yemen has not given a clear response to the Gulf states’ proposal to end the country’s political crisis. Whilst some opposition leaders welcomed the initiative and President Saleh’s willingness to transfer power – many others have reservations.

Opposition chairman Yassin Noman said that they are not prepared to join an interim unity government with President Saleh’s party as proposed by the Gulf states. Other protesters are unhappy with the idea of giving the president immunity from prosecution or to ending demonstrations before he leaves office.

They distrust any promises he makes and want to see him go immediately. Whilst Yemen’s traditional opposition parties may have welcomed the news, there are many other young demonstrators on the streets who differ and want to continue their struggle.

Parliamentary opposition parties welcomed the plan but said they would not join a transitional government before Mr Saleh left office, as provided for by the plan.

The opposition has also previously insisted it will not accept immunity from prosecution for Mr Saleh and his family.

Activists in the capital, Sanaa, continued to protest after the plan was announced.

“There is a consensus on rejecting the initiative,” said one prominent activist, Abdulmalik al-Yusufi.

“The Gulf initiative addresses the problem as if it was a political crisis between two parties,” he said.

“We have taken to the streets in a revolution that is demanding a comprehensive change.”

In an interview with the BBC on Sunday, Mr Saleh represented the protest movement as a coup.

“You call on me from the US and Europe to hand over power,” he said.

“Who shall I hand it over to? Those who are trying to make a coup? No. We will do it through ballot boxes and referendums. We’ll invite international observers to monitor – but a coup is not acceptable.”

Middle East unrest: Yemen

Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh consults his watch at a rally in the capital Sanaa, 15 April

President Ali Abdullah Saleh in power since 1978Population 24.3m; land area 536,869 sq kmThe population has a median age of 17.9, and a literacy rate of 61%Youth unemployment is 15%Gross national income per head was $1,060 (£655) in 2009 (World Bank)Profile: President Saleh

He also claimed that Islamist extremists had infiltrated protest camps.

“Al-Qaeda are moving inside the camps and this is very dangerous,” he said. “Why is the West not looking at this destructive work and its dangerous implications for the future?”

At least 120 people have died during two months of protests inspired by uprisings elsewhere in the Arab world.

Yemen is the Arab world’s most impoverished nation and, even before the current protests, it was becoming increasingly chaotic, with both al-Qaeda and separatist challenges to the government’s authority.

Mr Saleh suffered a major political reversal last month when a slew of ministers and ambassadors resigned in protest at the shooting of 45 people at a demonstration in Sanaa.

The president promised earlier not to renew his presidency in 2013 or hand over to his son. He has made – and broken – similar promises in the past.

The US welcomed the announcement of the GCC transition plan. A statement from the White House urged all parties to “swiftly” implement a peaceful transfer of power.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Israeli killed in Nablus shooting

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An Israeli has been killed in a shooting near a shrine in the city of Nablus in the occupied West Bank, Israeli officials say.

At least two other worshippers were wounded, the Israeli military said.

The shooting is said to have happened before dawn near a site known as Joseph’s Tomb.

Ultra-Orthodox Jews regularly defy a military ban on entering the shrine that is in Palestinian-controlled territory.

“I can confirm that shots were fired towards a group of Israelis who entered the West Bank without authorisation. One person was killed and two others wounded [and] are in moderate condition,” an Israeli army spokesman said.

The exact circumstances of the shooting were unclear.

The Jerusalem Post reported that a car carrying Jewish worshippers was fired upon as it entered Nablus on the way to the tomb.

The report said the driver sped away to the nearest army base where the casualties were tended to and one passenger later died. It said five others were wounded.

Another report said the car had been leaving the shrine following morning prayers when the shooting happened.

It was the first fatal attack on Israelis in the West Bank since five family members were killed last month in the settlement of Itamar in a nearby area of the central West Bank.

Two Palestinian teenagers have been arrested on suspicion of stabbing to death Udi and Ruth Fogel and three of their young children.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Brazil hit by deadly landslides

Landslides and floods triggered by torrential rain have killed at least 10 people in southern Brazil, officials say.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

VIDEO: Teachers’ union considers strike

Teachers are to consider strike action in protest over planned cuts to their pensions.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Pinhole picture

Phil Coomes Article written by Phil Coomes Picture editorMore from Phil

 
Pinhole photograph of the anti-cuts march organised by the TUC in London, 26 March 2011

It is time to put aside your digital camera or phone and get back to basics.

This Sunday, 24 April, is Worldwide Pinhole Photography Day, a celebration of the simplest form of photography.

It seems to me there is a resurgence of interest in less complicated styles, where the technology does not overwhelm the end result or indeed the photographer.

There is nothing simpler than a pinhole camera, a black box with a pinhole on one side that allows light to fall on a piece of photographic film or paper.

Pinhole photograph of the anti-cuts march organised by the TUC in London, 26 March 2011Anti-cuts protester in Hyde Park

Whilst covering the recent anti-cuts demonstration in London I carried a film camera loaded with TMax 3200 black-and-white film fitted with a pinhole body cap, a standard camera cover with a tiny hole at the centre. The results (top and right photos) were somewhat patchy, though you can see a few more examples on my Flickr page, but it was fun to do and something I will explore further.

To show off the work of a few of the many talented pinholers out there I have created a gallery on Flickr of their work and you can see pinhole themed pictures from our readers’ as part of our weekly themed galleries.

One photographer who is doing far more than this is Lucy Phillips. I first met her at the Association of Photographers Gallery where we were both exhibiting work at their Celebration of Kodachrome show earlier this year. Chatting to Lucy I found out that she is working on a participative project using pinhole pictures entitled What Cannot Be Seen.

Lucy has been creating pinhole camera’s from matchboxes which she sends to participants ready loaded with one shot plus detailed instructions on how to get a result. The camera is then returned to Lucy, who will develop the picture and upload to Flickr. I decided to take the plunge and my somewhat flawed result can be seen on Lucy’s Flickr page.

I asked Lucy to tell me more about What Cannot Be Seen:

Where did your inspiration for the project came from?

Pinhole photograph from the project What Cannot Be Seen

“The idea of what cannot be seen came to me very suddenly last year, in response to two things. I’d recently started experimenting with pinhole photography and was also looking at the work of Sophie Calle. Her use of photography as a kind of secret recording device intrigued me and the idea of creating a very tiny pinhole camera that could be used surreptitiously and mailed out to people quickly followed.

“I came up with the idea of giving people a brief that they could interpret in various ways, and settled on the phrase ‘what cannot be seen’ since it seemed to offer a myriad of possibilities and also appeared to contradict what the camera is supposed to do, that is to record physical phenomena.

“Anyone who has experimented with pinhole cameras, with their long exposures and strange angles of vision, will have realised that these primitive photographic devices are capable of creating extraordinary images that suggest a kind of alternative reality.

“In addition, the slowness of the process encourages a great deal of consideration – you have to really decide what you are going to photograph, and how, and this approach (the antithesis of the instantly available – and disposable – digital image) is one that very much appeals to me and mirrors my own approach to photography.

How did you find people to participate?

“Practically speaking, what I did was to construct 30 pinhole cameras from matchboxes and load them with photographic paper. I then posted a status update on Facebook, asking for people to participate in a photography project, without specifying exactly what would be asked of them.

A pinhole camera a return envelope

“I sent everyone who responded a camera and instructions, and a return envelope. I also asked them to write a short statement explaining what they had photographed and why.

“My original thought was that the process would be as interesting as the images. However, from the very start, the response of participants amazed me. I found myself receiving images which illustrated the most intimate aspects of people’s lives. There was a picture of someone’s birth mother with whom they had recently been reunited and who ‘could not be seen’ by the adopted mother, because it would break her heart.

“An incredibly detailed image of someone’s secret fetish life. A photograph of someone’s firstborn child in an incubator, and so on. It seemed as though the matchbox cameras almost functioned as confessionals. Other photographs demonstrated the relish with which people approached the project and the unfamiliar act of taking just one, carefully considered image. What was very clear is that people were very keen to create a successful and meaningful image. So I began to offer people a second or third chance if their first shot was not successful.

“The project quickly built up momentum and I began to receive requests for more cameras. A year later, over 100 cameras have been sent out around the world.”

What made you build your own cameras?

“I built my own cameras because it’s fun and cheap, but also because it means I’m completely in control of the process. It never really occurred to me to do anything else. I also tend to think of myself as not particularly good at making things so it was a challenge, and incredibly satisfying when someone produces a successful image from something you have made with a bit of cardboard, a drinks can (for the pinhole) and some electrical tape. I got the design of the camera from the internet. There are various sites, this is the one I used, although the idea of using paper rather than film in these cameras was my own.

Pinhole photograph from the project What Cannot Be Seen

Are there any tips you can offer to photographers wanting to have a go at pinhole work?

“My tips would be to experiment lots and to be methodical. The pinhole needs to made very precisely and the camera needs to be light tight. Most people start out using paper negatives in largish cameras and experimenting to work out the correct exposures with their particular camera. This is great if you have easy access to a darkroom. If you don’t, a film pinhole camera means you can have the images developed at a shop and film also has a lot more latitude than paper, so exposure times are generally more flexible. Film is also faster than paper.”

Would you like anyone interested in your project to get in touch, if so how can they do that?

“I’m not actively looking for participants at the moment – with an exhibition at the De La Warr Pavilion coming up… I expect I’ll get some requests to participate, which is absolutely fine. I pretty much send cameras to everyone who asks at the moment (they don’t all send them back, but most do) – but I foresee a point at which I might not physically or financially be able to keep up with all requests. Contact details are on the website, so people have found me through that, or through Flickr or Facebook.”

What about your own work. I know you had a number of prints at the recent Kodachrome show. Tell me about that and other projects you are shooting?

Old Town, Hastings

“I had a brief period experimenting with pinhole photography last year, when I exhibited a piece I made through creating an in camera panorama of portraits taken on Hastings and St Leonards’ seafront. Most of my own work, however, is made using a 35mm camera.

“At the moment, I seem to make photographs about what’s around me – fragments of domestic interiors, odd corners of my immediate neighbourhood, peripheral landscapes. I had a solo show last year as part of Brighton Photo Fringe called “Nothing is the Same” and am currently showing until 2 May as part of the East Sussex Open at the Towner, Eastbourne.

“I am working on a number of projects at the moment, including two book collaborations and am considering initiating a new collaborative project with other artists, writers and photographers.

“I’m really excited that What Cannot Be Seen is part of a series of events at the De La Warr Pavilion and looking forward to having a What Cannot Be Seen launch event as part of De La Warr’s Random Fridays season, when participants will be able to meet each other and see their work displayed in a gallery space. A book is in the pipeline and I hope to have a new website up for my own work in the next month or two, called ‘whatcanbeseen.com’ – of course.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Lasers could replace spark plugs

Laser-based spark plug (Takunori Taira)Two or three lasers are focused to ignite fuel in more than one place
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Car engines could soon be fired by lasers instead of spark plugs, researchers say.

A team at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics will report on 1 May that they have designed lasers that could ignite the fuel/air mixture in combustion engines.

The approach would increase efficiency of engines, and reduce their pollution, by igniting more of the mixture.

The team is in discussions with a spark plug manufacturer.

The idea of replacing spark plugs – a technology that has changed little since their invention 150 years ago – with lasers is not a new one.

Spark plugs only ignite the fuel mixture near the spark gap, reducing the combustion efficiency, and the metal that makes them up is slowly eroded as they age.

“In the past, lasers that could meet those requirements were… big, inefficient, and unstable”

Takunori Taira National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki

But only with the advent of smaller lasers has the idea of laser-based combustion become a practical one.

A team from Romania and Japan has now demonstrated a system that can focus two or three laser beams into an engine’s cylinders at variable depths.

That increases the completeness of combustion and neatly avoids the issue of degradation with time.

However, it requires that lasers of high pulse energies are used; just as with spark plugs, a great deal of energy is needed to cause ignition of the fuel.

“In the past, lasers that could meet those requirements were limited to basic research because they were big, inefficient, and unstable,” said Takunori Taira of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences in Okazaki, Japan.

Spark plugSpark plugs only ignite the fuel mixture very near the spark gap

“Nor could they be located away from the engine, because their powerful beams would destroy any optical fibres that delivered light to the cylinders.”

The team has been developing a new approach to the problem: lasers made of ceramic powders that are pressed into spark-plug sized cylinders.

These ceramic devices are lasers in their own right, gathering energy from compact, lower-power lasers that are sent in via optical fibre and releasing it in pulses just 800 trillionths of a second long.

Unlike the delicate crystals typically used in high-power lasers, the ceramics are more robust and can better handle the heat within combustion engines.

The team is in discussions to commercialise the technology with Denso, a major automobile component manufacturer.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Patients ‘would travel’ for care

MRI scanThe survey asked if people would travel for complex treatments if it freed up local funds

The majority of patients in Scotland would travel further to receive specialist healthcare treatments, a survey has suggested.

The YouGov study for the Royal College of Nursing Scotland asked about complex surgery or cutting-edge treatments.

It found 75% of people supported the creation of specialist health centres, even if they had to travel further, if it freed up money for local services.

The RCN Scotland survey questioned a total of 1,096 people.

The organisation said its findings suggested the public was far more willing to consider radical suggestions for improving services to save money than politicians had been prepared to consider.

Theresa Fyffe, RCN Scotland director, said: “Examples of providing services differently are the Golden Jubilee Hospital and the Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre. These specialist centres make a hugely positive difference to care for patients across Scotland.

“The time has come for politicians to stop hiding behind pledges to ‘protect’ NHS funding and make clear how they are going to meet rising demand with less money.

“If the public can be convinced that the creation of centralised specialist services would improve quality and free up money to be invested in local healthcare, the vast majority would support such a move.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Warning over UK car-making future

Vauxhall Astra cars at Ellesmere Port in CheshireNick Reilly said the UK lost many of its small component-making firms decades ago
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The future of car making in the UK could be in danger if the industry fails to develop a British-based supply chain, the boss of Vauxhall has said.

Nick Reilly, chief executive of General Motors in Europe, said a lack of home-based parts manufacturers was the most critical issue facing the industry.

Mr Reilly told the BBC that car makers in the UK such as Nissan and Toyota were finding it difficult to compete.

This was because they had to import so many vehicle components, he said.

Mr Reilly said the situation added to shipping costs and created currency risks as well as a longer supply chain.

The current government understood the problem but decisions taken decades ago meant the UK had lost many of its small component-making firms, Mr Reilly added.

“Our biggest issue is lack of suppliers in the UK,” he said.

“In the 70s to 90s we gave up a lot of business. What it means is that at Luton [Vauxhall factory] we import a lot of components.

“If we don’t have a decent amount of local suppliers it makes this place more difficult to be competitive.”

He continued: “Frankly, I think it’s the most critical issue facing the automotive industry in the UK.

“It’s not enough to have Nissan, Toyota, Vauxhall manufacturing the products because we’ll never be able to compete with another country where the suppliers are surrounding the car plants.”

General Motors was forced into bankruptcy two years ago during the recession and is now majority controlled by the US and Canadian governments.

Car manufacturing at GM Europe’s plants in Luton and Cheshire have since been secured for the medium term.

It was confirmed in March that the Luton plant would build the new Vivaro van, produced jointly with Renault.

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