Polls begin in key Indian states

Polling officials carry electronic voting machines to a booth on the eve of elections in Madras (Chennai) on 12 April 2011Counting of votes is due on 13 May
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Voting for assembly elections has begun in the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala and the union territory of Pondicherry.

Long queues of voters have formed outside polling centres with many coming out even before booths opened at 0700 local time (0130 GMT).

A large number of paramilitary troops and state police have been deployed to ensure the vote passes off peacefully.

The polls are part of several key state elections in India.

In the north-eastern state of Assam – where the ruling Congress party is seeking a third successive term – voting was completed on Monday.

Over the next month, polls will be held in West Bengal – where the Marxist leadership is being challenged by Trinamul Congress – a regional Congress breakaway party.

The incumbent Communists in Kerala are also facing a stiff challenge from the Congress party.

In Tamil Nadu, the ruling DMK party – a key federal ally of the Congress party – is fighting a rival regional party, the AIADMK.

More than 140 million voters are eligible to cast their votes at some 150,000 polling stations during these state polls. Counting is due on 13 May.

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Foxconn ‘mulls $12bn Brazil move’

Foxconn logo outside its factoryFoxconn has been looking to expand its operations in markets outside China
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Foxconn in planning to invest as much as $12bn (£7.4bn) in Brazil, according to the country’s president Dilma Rousseff.

Taiwan-based Foxconn operates the majority of its factories in China, producing goods for firms like Apple, Hewlett Packard and Dell.

The electronics maker has been looking to expand its operations beyond China, due to rising Chinese labour costs.

Foxconn is the biggest contract electronics manufacturer in the world.

Ms Rousseff said that her government was discussing various options with the company.

“You’ve got an ample range of investments that go from $300-to-$400m to $12bn over 5 to 6 years in the case of Foxconn,” she said.

Meanwhile, Brazil’s science and technology minister Aloizio Mercadante said if discussions and negotiations go smoothly, Foxconn is planning to begin assembling iPads at its plants in Brazil as early as this year.

“If you’re trying to serve Latin America, Brazil is certainly the biggest country you have to hit”

Peter Misek Jefferies & Co

“The negotiations are far from complete but I’m confident,” he said.

Brazil is one the fastest growing economies in the world, making it an attractive market for companies.

However, many firms have not been able to tap fully into this potential as high import tariffs make their goods expensive.

Analysts say that if Foxconn’s planned investment does go through, it will make it easier for its clients to penetrate the South American market.

“It makes a lot of sense,” said Peter Misek of Jefferies & Co.

“If you’re trying to serve Latin America, Brazil is certainly the biggest country you have to hit,” he added.

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Miliband warns of ‘forgotten war’

Troops from the 1st Battalion The Royal Irish Regiment in AfghanistanDavid Miliband warns that as 2014 approaches, Western leverage over Afghanistan will diminish

The war in Afghanistan is in danger of becoming a forgotten conflict because of events in Libya and across the Middle East, David Miliband has warned.

The former foreign secretary told the BBC more effort was needed to find a political solution before British and US troops are withdrawn in 2014.

He also called for serious negotiations with the Taliban.

Since operations began in Afghanistan in 2001, 363 UK servicemen and women have died.

The most recent was Colour Sergeant Alan Cameron, 42, of 1st Battalion Scots Guards, who died from his injuries a year after he was caught in a roadside bomb in an area north of Lashkar Gah.

Speaking to BBC’s Newsnight on Tuesday, Mr Miliband said it was inevitable international attention has shifted to the Middle East and North Africa in recent weeks, which has been the scene of political change and unrest.

However, he said it was “very important that we recognised the importance of the current moment in Afghanistan”.

“The American surge has taken place, but without a political framework, a political settlement, then we are going to be getting closer to the end date of 2014, but without an endgame and I think that is dangerous.”

Nato leaders have agreed a timetable for ending combat operations and handing over control of security in Afghanistan to Afghan forces by the end of 2014.

Mr Miliband suggested appointing a United Nations mediator to talk to all sides involved in the conflict, including the Taliban and other Afghan groups, and neighbouring countries including Pakistan, to help with the establishment of a political settlement.

“The truth is that the Taliban wants to know the position of the Western powers and until the Western powers, led by the US and the UK, set out our position on the endgame, about the presence of foreign forces, about political settlement in Afghanistan, we are not going to get a political process of real weight and drive,” he said.

Mr Miliband called for urgent action, warning that as 2014 approaches, Western leverage over Afghanistan would diminish.

Mr Miliband, still a Labour MP, is travelling to the US where he will make a speech later at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Boston on the need for a political settlement in Afghanistan.

BBC diplomatic correspondent Bridget Kendall, who has seen extracts of the speech in advance, said he will argue that the solution is urgent negotiations with the Taliban before it is too late, offering concessions such as prisoner releases and an end to night raids to bring them to the table.

This would be in return for guarantees that Afghanistan will never again offer a haven to al-Qaeda.

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MPs criticise World Service cuts

The front Portico entrance of BBC's Bush House in the Aldwych, LondonThe BBC is to take over the cost of running the World Service from 2014
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The BBC’s World Service is too valuable to the corporation’s reputation for its funding to be cut, a government watchdog has said.

The Foreign Affairs Select Committee said the proposed 16% budget cuts for the service should be reversed.

In January the BBC said it would close five of its language services because of the Foreign Office funding cuts.

It said it welcomed the “support” of the report, and was committed to the long-term future of the World Service.

Committee chairman Richard Ottaway said going ahead with the budget cuts would be a “false economy”.

“The value of the World Service in promoting the UK across the globe, by providing a widely-respected and trusted news service, far outweighs its relatively small cost,” he added.

“The recent dramatic events in North Africa and the Middle East have shown the ‘soft power’ wielded through the World Service could bring even more benefits to the UK in the future than it has in the past.”

Foreign Secretary William Hague said the World Service performed an “invaluable” role.

“However, in line with all other publicly-funded bodies, it must play its part in reducing the deficit,” he said.

“The BBC has been clear that the transfer of funds from the licence fee in 2014/15 will not make the World Service’s funding less secure.”

Last October the government reduced the World Service’s £237 million annual budget by 16% and announced the BBC would take over the cost of running it from the Foreign Office from 2014.

The committee’s report said “the decision was essentially financial” and “taken at very short notice, albeit with the full agreement of BBC top management”.

The report suggests using part of the Department for International Development’s budget to make up the shortfall.

It also questions whether World Service funding will be secure when the BBC funds it outright, citing “risk of a gradual diversion of resources to fund other BBC activities”.

In a statement, the BBC said: “The cuts being made to the World Service are a consequence of last autumn’s spending review and the BBC regrets the scale and pace of cuts that have been necessary.

“If, in the light of the report, the government is prepared to re-open aspects of the spending review settlement, the BBC will be pleased to engage with them constructively.

“The BBC is committed to the long-term future of the World Service and hopes to reinvest when responsibility for funding transfers to the licence fee in 2014.”

The BBC World Service is currently funded by the UK government through parliamentary grant-in-aid, administered by the Foreign Office.

In January, the World Service also announced that programmes in another seven languages would be reduced.

“We clearly needed to make choices,” Peter Horrocks, director of the World Service, told the Foreign Affairs Committee last month.

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Abused children ‘not listened to’

girlOfsted analysed 67 serious case reviews, which are carried out when serious abuse is uncovered

Social workers and other professionals in England must do more to listen to the views of vulnerable children, Ofsted inspectors say.

The watchdog says analysis of serious case reviews (SCRs) showed too many children were not properly listened to.

Ofsted found a focus on the parent’s need for support often meant the child’s right to protection was lost.

Professionals were also found to have failed to listen to adults who tried to raise concerns on behalf of a child.

The review of 67 SCRs – which are carried out by local safeguarding children boards when a child dies or abuse or neglect is known or suspected – found the child was sometimes not seen by the professionals involved.

In other cases, where the child was seen, they were not asked about their views and feelings.

“Too often children in vulnerable situations are not heard by those who should be looking out for their interests”

Christine Gilbert Chief Inspector

The Ofsted research found children sometimes needed to be taken away from their carers in order to be free to express themselves.

It cited one case where children in a family had suffered from neglect and physical and sexual abuse over many years, but only spoke out when removed from the home environment.

The report found educating children at home could sometimes be used as a means of concealing abuse.

In another case two girls were sexually abused by their father. The two sisters and two other siblings had been withdrawn from school to be home educated.

“It was clear that the children had been withdrawn from school to avoid the scrutiny of the authorities,” it said.

Inspectors also raised concerns about cases where an adult, for example a parent, grandparent or neighbour, had raised concerns about a child’s welfare, but were not taken seriously enough.

One case involved a separated couple, where the father regularly told children’s services and the police that the mother’s new partner was a registered sex offender and had unrestricted access to the children.

The tendency by agencies to overlook the role of fathers, male partners and other men living within families was also a “common theme” in the reviews, the report said.

Eight of the SCRs said it needed to be easier for members of the public to speak up on behalf of children when they had serious concerns.

In some instances, where a parent committed a serious act against a child, the reviews commented that “no concerns” had been reported by the public even though people had witnessed “bizarre” behaviour by the parent.

Sixty-five of the 67 SCRs which were evaluated between April and September last year concerned 93 children, 39 of whom died and 54 of whom were involved in serious incidents. The remaining two cases focused on adult perpetrators.

Of the 93 children, 70 were known to social services at the time of the incident. Others had been known previously.

The ethnicity of most of the children affected – 73 out of 93 – was white British, nine were black African, black Caribbean or identified as “black other” and eight were mixed race.

One child was an Afghan national, and in two cases the child’s ethnicity was not recorded. None of the children were of Asian heritage.

Chief Inspector Christine Gilbert said: “It is shocking to see that too often children in vulnerable situations are not heard by those who should be looking out for their interests.

“That is why this report’s focus on listening to children is so important.

“The report shares valuable lessons that can help protect children and prevent such tragic incidents.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Public-private degree course plan

BPP University CollegeBPP University College says it has been approached by many public sector institutions

A private university is setting up a partnership with a further education college to offer undergraduate degrees.

Law and business degrees, awarded by BPP University College, will be taught at New College, Swindon from September.

This ground-breaking public-private link-up is an example of the kind of competition in providing degrees that ministers want to encourage.

BPP’s chief executive, Carl Lygo, said the higher education sector was “changing dramatically”.

“During the past year, we have been approached by a staggering number of publicly-funded providers who are actively pursuing ways in which to continue to provide quality education and training, or, in many cases, to seek help in order to survive,” he said.

Last year, BPP University College became the first private university to be created in the UK for more than three decades.

This latest project marks its first partnership with a further education college – with the expectation of more to be announced later.

It allows the degree-awarding powers of a university to combine with the local reach of further education colleges.

It is an example of the more diverse higher and further education landscape that ministers want to encourage.

Under the fee regime to be introduced from 2012, ministers had claimed that tuition fees of £9,000 would only be charged in “exceptional circumstances”.

But so far a majority of universities which have declared their intentions have said they wanted to set fees at this maximum level.

Ministers have warned universities that they could be undercut by new providers offering courses at a lower cost – including further education colleges.

This arrangement between a private university and a further education college shows how an alternative model might operate.

But there will be intense sensitivity over price – whether too much or too little.

Universities have been worried that charging too little will make them look like poor quality – and that charging too much will put off potential applicants.

The business and law degree courses in this partnership will cost £3,000 per year under the current fees system – slightly less than most universities.

But there has been no announcement on the fees that will be charged when the upper limit is increased from 2012.

The principal of New College, Graham Taylor, said such an arrangement will offer courses to people in a town which has no university.

The partnership with BPP will benefit people who want to study locally, says Mr Taylor, allowing the college to “offer undergraduate programmes at affordable fees in our own classrooms”.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Inventor extraordinaire

Peter Florjancic

In 1943, 24-year-old Peter Florjancic, then known as an Olympic ski jumper representing Yugoslavia, expected to be called up to fight for the German army on the Russian front.

He decided instead to flee.

Hits and Misses

Sketch for car airbags

Perfume atomiser (hit)Plastic injection molding machines (hit)Plastic photographic slide frame (hit)Cigarette lighter for Dunhill with rolling ignition on the side of the lighter box (hit)Car airbag (miss)Plastic zip (miss)

On 17 April, he and a friend boarded a train from the sleepy lakeside resort of Bled in German-occupied northern Slovenia.

Part of the way through their contrived skiing holiday in Kitzbuehel, Austria, they would cross the mountain border to neutral Switzerland, while making it look as if they had perished on the slopes of the avalanche-prone Hahnenkamm.

No-one would be able to find out the truth, without endangering their life.

Florjancic would not return to Bled for more than 50 years, time he used to make and blow several small fortunes – and in doing so hobnob with the social elite of the day.

“I was always interested in famous people,” he says.

Before the war had even ended, he had made a pile of money.

Shortly after arriving in Bern, Switzerland, he patented a weaving machine designed for use by disabled people – men wounded in the war, for example – and made 100,000 Swiss francs from it.

“It was enough to buy three luxury houses,” he says.

But Florjancic spent much of it on living the high-life in Davos and Zurich, where he met his wife.

After the war ended, a holiday to Monte Carlo in 1950 turned into a 13-year stay. A poolside meeting with Ilhamy Hussein Pasha, an associate of King Farouk of Egypt, resulted in a long collaboration, during which Florjancic invented a perfume atomiser spray that is still in use all over the world today.

Peter FlorjancicFlorjancic loved the high life

From Monte Carlo he moved to Villach, Austria, in 1963, where he would invent plastic ice-skates and the plastic photographic slide frame.

“Gold lies on the streets and you just need to dig it up with ideas. Ideas are like the shovel,” he says.

But not every one of Florjancic’s ideas has unearthed pots of gold. His name appears on more than 230 patents, including ones for a drinking straw holder and an ice spear for chilling drinks.

The world has also largely overlooked the advantages of a broad belt to help couples dance in time and the benefits of a shoe guard for drivers wanting to prevent their heels getting scuffed.

And, sometimes, he has failed to pursue an idea which would later take off, like the safety airbag for cars which he sketched in 1957, but never managed to build without the bags exploding.

“He once saw King Farouk having 1m Swiss franks brought to the gaming table on a dozen plates”

The plastic zip fastener was another near miss, dating from the Monte Carlo years.

“I made this zipper in 1948 with plastic material and people were enthusiastic about it. We washed it, and everything was perfect,” Florjancic says.

“Then we ironed the jacket – but we couldn’t get the zipper open any more, because it had melted. The champagne we had ready to celebrate, we drank in sorrow not in success.”

Florjancic withdrew the patent, and earned nothing from the plastic zip’s eventual triumph, when it was re-invented by someone else using tougher materials.

But his successes were plentiful enough to enable him to indulge his desire to move in elevated circles.

Marlene Dietrich and Peter FlorjancicPeter Florjancic (right) with Marlene Dietrich in The Monte Carlo Story

“I was at the right place at the right time,” he says. The right places included some of Europe’s most extravagant hotels.

Born into a hotel-owning family, he then spent 25 years living in them. Even now his office is just off the dining room of a hotel overlooking Lake Bled, walls covered with pictures of famous people he has met.

The listing of the famous names fills any lull in conversation. He sat next to Winston Churchill in the gambling table in Monte Carlo. He was invited to play boules with Konrad Adenauer.

As a child in Bled he spoke to members of Yugoslavia’s Karadjordjevic dynasty and Edward and Wallace Simpson.

He once saw King Farouk having 1m Swiss franks brought to the gaming table on a dozen plates. He appeared in the 1957 film The Monte Carlo Story with Marlene Dietrich. And he shook the hand of Nazi leader Heinrich Himmler while competing in the ski jump in the 1936 Winter Olympics.

His favourite person of all of them was nautical polymath Jacques Cousteau. “He was a very interesting man and knew everything about the sea,” he says.

And what did the famous people find interesting about a Slovenian inventor?

“They were always interested in my story. The story of my escape. I was always telling my story,” says Florjancic.

He finally returned to Slovenia in 1998.

“I told my mother that I would come back to Bled to die. I thought that was going to be back in 2000,” he says.

But there is no let up for the 92-year-old.

“I have no pension,” he says. “Only when you work do you have a clear head.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Companies hit as confidence falls

Past Times shopRetailer Past Times is closing some of its branches as part of a turnaround plan

An increasing number of UK firms are showing signs of financial distress, a report suggests.

Corporate recovery experts Begbies Traynor have released their Red Flag Alert, which monitors a series of indicators of company cash woes.

And they say 186,554 firms experienced “significant” or “critical” financial distress in the first quarter of 2011, compared to 161,601 a year earlier.

Begbies said there had been problems in the leisure sector in particular.

The 15% rise in firms facing financial troubles was partly down to members of the public cutting discretionary spending, in the face of anticipated job losses.

The worst hit sector was in bars and restuarants, where firms facing difficult monetary issues had risen by 68% on the first quarter of 2010.

Meanwhile the leisure and culture, and sport and recreation sectors were faced a 60% and 23% rise respectively in firms facing tricky times compared to 12 months previously.

Professional services was another area hard hit, seeing a 61% hike in firms in trouble.

The Red Flag Alert report pointed out that a significant number of public sector staff “will have received formal notification of impending redundancies which will have had an impact on discretionary consumer spending”.

Begbies Traynor Group boss Ric Traynor said it seems likely that a fall in consumer confidence and spending power driven by those anticipated job losses, was at the core of the leisure sectors problems.

“Over 15,000 firms in the professional services sector are showing signs of significant or critical problems – partly driven by a stale property and corporate deals market – often the drivers for an active professional services community,” Mr Traynor said.

He said it appeared firms which operated with a high fixed cost base were finding the current market conditions increasingly difficult “as their revenues fail to recover and the scope for further cost reductions becomes more limited”.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Cartel blamed for Mexico killings

Morgue employee unloading bodies on 8 April, 2011An employee at a morgue in Tamaulipas prepares to unload more bodies found in mass graves
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The number of bodies found in mass graves in north-eastern Mexico over the past week has risen to 88, after 16 more corpses were discovered.

Investigators found four new graves in San Fernando, not far from the United States border.

They were tipped-off by a suspect who was detained on Saturday.

Police said he had confessed to the kidnapping and subsequent killing of dozens of victims, who were travelling through the area on buses.

On Thursday, police found 59 bodies in eight mass graves in San Fernando, in Tamaulipas state. Thirteen more bodies were discovered the following day in two other graves.

Officials say 16 people have been arrested in connection with the discovery of the mass graves, but the motive for the killings remains unclear.

The gruesome find resembles the discovery last August of the bodies of 72 Central and South American migrants, who were killed in the same town for refusing to join the ranks of the cartel which had abducted them.

Tamaulipas state, where the mass graves where found, is at the centre of a bloody battle between rival drug gangs for control of the lucrative drug-smuggling routes to the US.

Around 35,000 people have been killed in drug-related violence in Mexico since President Felipe Calderon declared war on the country’s drug cartels.

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Sweden is most ICT-wired country

Hands on laptopThe WEF says becoming totally wired through ICT structures can help nations’ economies

Sweden and Singapore are the most competitive countries in the digital economy, according to a study by the World Economic Forum (WEF).

Nordic and Asian economies are best at using information and communications technologies (ICT) to boost their growth, the WEF said.

Finland is in third place, Switzerland fourth and the United States fifth.

The WEF said ICT was “a key enabler of a more economically, environmentally and socially sustainable world”.

It said the use of information communications technology was especially important “in the aftermath of one of the most serious economic crises in decades”.

MOST DIGITALLY CONNECTED ECONOMIESSwedenSingaporeFinlandSwitzerlandUSTaiwanDenmarkCanadaNorwaySouth Korea

Source: WEF

The WEF report focuses on the power of ICT to transform society in the next decade through modernisation and innovation.

Other highly-placed Nordic countries include Denmark in seventh spot and Norway in ninth place, with Iceland ranked in 16th position.

Meanwhile, led by Singapore in second place, the other Asian Tiger economies highly placed are Taiwan and South Korea in sixth and tenth position respectively, and Hong Kong following closely in 12th.

Canada completes the top 10 in eighth position.

The report, which covers 138 economies, looks at three areas.

They are the general business, regulatory and infrastructure environment for ICT; the readiness of the three key stakeholder sectors – individuals, businesses and governments – to use and benefit from ICT; and the actual usage of available ICT.

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Lucky museums named for retired shuttles

Columbia crew John Young and Bob Crippen with a model of the shuttle

Highlights from the first Nasa shuttle mission, launched 12 April 1981

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Nasa is to send three retired space shuttles to museums in California, Florida and suburban Washington.

Discovery heads to the Air and Space Museum’s Udvar-Hazy Center in Virginia, Atlantis to Florida’s Kennedy Space Center, and Endeavour to the California Science Center in Los Angeles.

Also, the prototype Enterprise, which never flew in space, goes to the Intrepid museum in New York City.

Nasa administrator Charles Bolden said each shuttle had “stories to tell”.

“Take good care of our vehicles,” said Mr Bolden, a former astronaut who flew four times on the shuttle. “They have served you well.”

Twenty-one institutions around the country sought the retired craft, but at a ceremony with shuttle staff in Cape Canaveral, Florida, Mr Bolden quipped Nasa had only four to go round.

Two shuttles did not survive the programme.

In January 1986, the Challenger disintegrated during launch, killing all seven crew aboard. The Columbia, the first shuttle ever to fly into space, was destroyed while approaching landing in 2003, also killing the seven crew members.

The announcement in Florida came on the 30th anniversary of the first space shuttle flight and on the 50th anniversary of Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becoming the first human to orbit the earth.

The shuttle programme is nearing an end, with only two flights remaining.

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