Phone hacking court hearing due

Sienna MillerActress Sienna Miller is one of several celebrities accusing the News of the World of breach of privacy
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A hearing at the High Court on Friday is to consider the next steps in handling civil cases relating to News of the World phone hacking allegations.

The hacking scandal has so far led to 24 cases involving breach of privacy coming before the court, including that of actress Sienna Miller.

News International, owner of the paper, has already apologised to eight victims and set up a compensation fund.

On Thursday, police investigating phone hacking arrested a third person.

News of the World journalist James Weatherup – who has also worked as a news editor for the tabloid – was questioned by officers at a central London police station.

He was held on suspicion of conspiracy to unlawfully intercept communications, but was bailed until September. The News of the World said it was not commenting on Mr Weatherup’s arrest.

It followed the arrest last week of chief reporter Neville Thurlbeck and ex-news editor Ian Edmondson on suspicion of having unlawfully intercepted voicemail messages. Both were also released on bail until September.

The High Court hearing scheduled for later on Friday could shed light on the wider scandal.

It is rumoured there may be as many as 5,000 potential victims of phone hacking.

The BBC’s legal correspondent Clive Coleman said more might emerge about which victims will accept compensation under the scheme, who will fight on, and how many more are bringing civil claims.

With so many cases, High Court judge Mr Justice Vos will try to find the most efficient way to establish common legal and factual issues, so that claims can be resolved as speedily as possible, our correspondent added.

The hearing comes in the wake of News International’s apology and admission of liability in some cases, and its proposal to set up a compensation scheme.

The BBC understands News International was ready to settle claims with eight people, including former Culture Secretary Tessa Jowell, her estranged husband, lawyer David Mills, designer Kelly Hoppen, sports broadcaster Andy Gray, and Joan Hammell, a former aide to ex-deputy prime minister Lord Prescott.

Since January, the Metropolitan Police have been re-examining the scandal after receiving “significant new information”.

In 2007, the first police investigation led to the convictions and imprisonment of the then NoW royal editor Clive Goodman and private investigator Glenn Mulcaire, who was employed by the paper.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Climbing the ladder

Padge, 17,Padge wants to study biology at university but is under pressure to get a job

Seventeen-year-old Padge comes from a family of builders and plumbers.

His dad left school when he was about 15 and Padge was expected to do the same.

But the sixth-former at Newman Catholic College in Harlesden, north-west London, is clearly a bright boy and did well in his GCSEs.

“I surprised myself a little. I got three As, five Bs, and two Cs,” he says shyly.

“When I got that, I thought maybe I could challenge myself a little and now I would like to study biology at university.”

But like many others at his school there is pressure on him to leave and start work before completing his A-levels.

Padge admits: “Dropping out is tempting – you can earn a lot of money. I could go out this weekend and earn £250 on a building site.

“But I think it is better to get a degree.”

In some ways Padge, like other members of the boys’ school’s small but growing sixth-form, is lucky.

He has been treated to a range of horizon-broadening visits and projects through the national widening participation scheme, Aim Higher.

Head teacher Richard Kolka says his school, in this deprived part of the capital, attracts students who tend not to aspire to get a degree.

“He’d be thinking someone’s going to come and take all my stuff”

Padge on his Dad’s fears over student debt

There are 55 languages spoken at the school and only 9% of the boys would be classed as “white, British”, he says.

The school’s pupils are just the kind of students that universities spend thousands of pounds every year trying to attract.

He adds: “Something like Aim Higher makes that world real to them. It gives them the chance of sampling something – the life they could have – and gives them a motivation to move beyond their means.”

The school has been involved with the government-backed scheme for the past 10 years and has had some real successes.

But Aim Higher will lose its funding in July, with the government saying universities are best-placed to make their own arrangements for boosting numbers from non-traditional backgrounds.

Newman Catholic CollegeThe students fear what they have had their eyes opened to will leave them with big debts

And universities have to sign agreements with the Office for Fair Access setting out how they intend to attract students from under-represented groups.

Aim Higher projects not only include university visits and taster courses, but also feature summer schools at places including Kingston University and Eton College.

Carmel Beirne-Francis, who is partly funded by Aim Higher to co-ordinate the school’s work in this area, says many of the boys she works with had never been to see a play or been on trips out of the capital.

“I had never been to the country before so going to Kent opened my eyes”

Muhammed, 17

“This work has changed the lives of so many students,” she says.

“Many are first generation immigrants – their parents didn’t go to university and they don’t know much about the education system here – so it’s essential they get guidance.”

But Padge says the prospect of paying higher tuition fees, possibly £9,000 a year, makes the idea of going to university “a lot more scary”, even though he knows he can get a government loan.

He is wary of debt. Although he understands that the government pays the fees up front to the university and it is not the kind of debt that leaves someone knocking on your door, he says his Dad is less likely to.

He adds: “He’d be thinking someone’s going to come and take all my stuff.

“We were taught from when we were young that debt is something to steer clear of.”

Carmel Beirne-FrancisCarmel has taken her pupils on walks around central London as well as to universities to broaden their horizons

Mohammed, 17, is hoping to be the first person in his family to go to university and had been planning to stay in London to study because he could live at home.

But then he was taken on a trip to the University of Kent.

“I really enjoyed the feeling of being outside London. I had never been to the country before so going to Kent opened my eyes.”

But he too is worried. He has calculated that the four year course he wants to study will leave him £50,000 in debt, by the time interest is included.

He adds: “My Dad has never been in debt and he has never been to university. He is going to see me as the person who got himself £50,000 in debt.”

As part of the scheme the boys have had regular sessions with current university students from similar backgrounds known as Aim Higher Associates.

Zulekha Mayet, who is doing a masters at Queen Mary University, has been working with pupils at the college for the past two years.

She suggests the class system creates perceptions which act as barriers to young people like these, especially when they are considering the more selective institutions.

Zulekha and Agamemnon Zulekha and Agamemnon are able to speak to the pupils from their own experience

She says: “When I was at the London School of Economics I was aware that I spoke differently from the students that had a more typical LSE background.

“But I never felt that I wasn’t as good as them.”

But she has yet to persuade Emanuel, 17, who is keen to study electrical engineering – but not at all enthusiastic about applying to do so at Oxford or Cambridge.

“I don’t think I would fit in there,” he says. “And it would be too high an expectation of me. I’d be happier to go to a different type of university.”

Mohammed says he and his classmates are all from the same background.

“We all know what it is like to struggle day after day. When you talk about people going to Oxford and Cambridge – we are scared to cross the boundaries, we are scared to step up to the plate.

“That is why we usually would not go to a higher sector university.”

Zulekha fears that the rise in fees, with many leading universities plumping for the maximum £9,000 – albeit with increased bursaries for the poorest students – has reinforced those class boundaries even further.

She says she saw a change in her students after the higher fee plan was approved.

Fellow Aim Higher ambassador Agamemnon Apostolou agrees: “It’s the culture – it excludes them on a psychological level because it reinforces that it is the top and it makes barriers to places like Oxford and Cambridge even more rigid.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

The plus-one dilemma

 

Woman and a man

Some royal wedding guests are reportedly not being allowed to bring their partners, ruffling a few feathers. But why is the plus-one issue always so tricky?

Two simple words, one almighty headache.

“Plus one” is never added to a wedding invitation, or left off, as an afterthought. For the bride and groom it will probably have involved hours of thought, several more hours of heated debate and a couple of blazing rows.

For a guest it can be an equally big headache, as some of those invited to the royal wedding are finding out. Newspapers have reported that hundreds did not receive a plus one from Prince William and Kate Middleton and it has left their partners fuming.

But for any bride and groom, regardless of a royal title, the dilemmas involved seem endless. Do you invite a friend’s partner if they are married but you don’t really know them? What if they’ve been together for years but you don’t like the other half? What if your friend gets through partners at a rate of knots? Will they come if they can’t bring someone?

I lost a friend over plus one

Figures on wedding cake

We had a small wedding, with 70 invited guests.

We did not invite the girlfriend of my best friend from university because we didn’t know her.

In the end my best friend did not turn up to the wedding either and the friendship never survived.

I really regret this now, but it was the expense of it all that caused us not to invite partners.

Adam, not his real name, 32, from Yorkshire

The authority on etiquette, Debrett’s, says traditionally, if you were not known by the bride’s mother, you did not get an invitation.

Now, while there is no generally accepted rule, if the guest is married or in an established, long-term relationship, his or her other half should be invited. But family should always come before friends.

It can be big decision as some people take it very personally. Adam, 32, who does not want to use his real name, lost a friend over a lack of plus one. He and his partner did not invite his best mate’s girlfriend.

“In the end my best friend did not turn up to the wedding either and the friendship never survived,” he says.

Plus one is a relatively modern dilemma, says Liz Brewer, etiquette expert on ITV’s Ladette to Lady. It’s only over the last century that weddings have grown into such big affairs and it has become customary for guests to bring someone with them. Before they were smaller and more personal, so plus ones were not really necessary.

She says if you do get a plus one you can take anyone, not only a partner, but – and it’s a very big but – the guest has to be appropriate for the occasion.

“Not someone who drinks too much or is a party bore. Not an ex of the bride or groom and preferably not someone who is not on the guest list for a reason.

Extra money

“Sometimes a thick-skinned wannabe will go to extraordinary lengths to get invited, especially if they know the hosts have for their own personal reasons decided against extending an invitation. I always check exactly who is being brought as the plus one.”

Prince William and Kate MiddletonNot all royal wedding invitations included a plus one

For the bride and groom it often comes down to cost and shelling out extra money for someone they might not know very well, if at all. With money tight for many people at the moment, happy couples are having to get tough.

“Weddings are expensive and a plus one can add up to more than £100, which is money most couples would rather put towards something else,” says Belinda Hanks, of wedding company Confetti.

“The general consensus is really if they are long-term partners, married or engaged then they are in. Having said this, the consensus for most people is that if it’s a plus one for a guest who would otherwise be alone, they will oblige, even if they don’t know their partner.”

‘Slightly childish’

But others are very clear that it’s not their job to accommodate other people’s personal situations.

“I hate plus ones,” says Lucy Mangan, author of The Reluctant Bride. “Friends are friends, they often marry nice people but if you’re honest they never really become your friend too. Inviting them just doubles the guest list and often the plus one doesn’t even really want to be there.

Plus one etiquette

Wedding invitation

Plus one means anyone, not just a partnerIf it states just your name, then you are expected aloneThe guest you take has to be appropriate for the wedding’Yes I/we can attend’ included on an enclosed RSVP card also means plus oneYou can politely ask to bring a partner but always say ‘I understand’ if not possible

Etiquette expert Liz Brewer

“People should be grown up enough to say ‘I am the friend and I am more than an indissoluble body from my partner’. It’s slightly childish and self indulgent if they can’t. As for inviting someone you don’t know so they can keep someone company, stuff that.”

So is there any negotiation on the subject? Not if it’s the royal wedding, even if it doesn’t mess with the already tight numbers. One royal wedding guest reportedly asked if he could give his invitation to his wife instead. Apparently, they are non-transferable.

But when it comes to the average wedding, is there anything you can do if you want to take a partner? It’s debatable. But Brewer says you can politely ask.

“If there is no plus one but you want to bring someone, you politely telephone asking if you can bring a guest.

“Say ‘I have a partner now so would it be possible…’ or ‘I am engaged now so…’ Always say you understand if it is not possible.”

But David Miller, director at etiquette guide Debrett’s, says asking is always a no no.

“Never ask. It is the height of rudeness.”

But if you are just horrified at the thought of going to a wedding alone, it’s time to grow up, says Mangan.

“We’re all old enough to go to a party and mix with people, if you can’t it’s rather pathetic.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Leaders insist ‘Gaddafi must go’

Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi tours Tripoli by car in a still from state TV footage said to have been shot on 14 April Muammar Gaddafi reportedly drove through Tripoli to greet supporters on Thursday

US, British and French leaders have said in a joint letter there can be no peace in Libya while Muammar Gaddafi stays in power.

Nato and its partners, they say, must maintain military operations to protect civilians and maintain pressure on Colonel Gaddafi’s government.

To allow him to remain in power, they argue, would be a betrayal of the Libyan people.

Nato has been struggling to find additional warplanes for its mission.

Only a few of its 28 members – including France, the UK, Canada, Belgium, Norway and Denmark – are conducting air strikes.

The alliance’s Secretary General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen, told foreign ministers in Berlin he had received no offers from any ally to supply the extra jets but remained hopeful.

Nato pilots are enforcing a UN resolution to protect civilians in Libya, which is split between forces for and against Col Gaddafi since a revolt against his rule began in mid-February.

Fighting on the ground, as well as Nato bombing missions, continued on Thursday.

Analysis

The letter comes at a time of growing unease at the failure of Western military action to dislodge Mr Gaddafi and tensions within Nato over the reluctance of certain members to do more.

The three leaders clearly feel that this is an important moment to present a united front and they are saying that it is not enough simply to protect Libyan civilians. As long as Muammar Gaddafi is in power, they write, Nato and its coalition partners must maintain their operations, and the colonel must go, and go for good.

It is an uncompromising message at a time of rising frustration at the way the military operation is going. At the meeting of Nato foreign ministers in Berlin, there were calls for some members, including Spain, to do more. And France’s Foreign Minister, Alain Juppe, said US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton had resisted his plea for American warplanes to resume air strikes.

Apart from a handful of raids in recent days, the US has allowed British and French warplanes to take the lead, concentrating instead on a variety of support roles. President Obama would prefer to keep it that way, and the latest opinion polls suggest that an overwhelming majority of Americans agree.

The BBC’s Paul Adams reports from Washington that the letter, published in the UK’s Times newspaper as well as the Washington Post and France’s Le Figaro, is an unusual step.

Signed by US President Barack Obama, British Prime Minister David Cameron and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, the letter says Libyans in cities like Misrata and Ajdabiya continue to suffer “terrible horrors at Gaddafi’s hands”.

While the coalition has no mandate to remove Col Gaddafi by force, “it is impossible to imagine a future for Libya with Gaddafi in power”, the leaders say.

To allow him to remain in power “would be an unconscionable betrayal” of Libya’s people, they argue, and would make Libya both “a pariah state [and] a failed state”.

“So long as Gaddafi is in power, Nato and its coalition partners must maintain their operations so that civilians remain protected and the pressure on the regime builds,” the letter continues.

“Then a genuine transition from dictatorship to an inclusive constitutional process can really begin, led by a new generation of leaders.”

The letter holds out the prospect of reconstruction for Libya with the help of the “UN and its members”.

Mr Fogh Rasmussen said in Berlin that Nato would continue “day by day, strike by strike” to target Col Gaddafi’s forces.

Libyan state media reported new air strikes on the capital Tripoli on Thursday but a Nato official said the only strike he could confirm was against a surface-to-air missile battery 40km (25 miles) south of the city.

Reuters correspondents in Tripoli reported hearing four blasts and saw columns of smoke rising from the south-east of Tripoli. Heavy anti-aircraft fire was also heard, before and after the blasts.

The BBC’s Jeremy Bowen was one of a group of journalists taken to a university cafeteria in the city by government officials to witness shattered glass and broken doors, which officials blamed on the air strikes.

Libyan TV broadcast pictures which appeared to show Col Gaddafi surrounded by cheering supporters as he stood through the sunroof of a car driving through Tripoli, pumping his fists in the air.

Fighting also continued in the rebel-held city of Misrata, western Libya, which has been besieged by pro-Gaddafi forces for nearly two months.

Rebels said a rocket attack by pro-Gaddafi forces killed 23 people on Thursday morning but this could not be independently verified.

Earlier, the “Brics” group of five nations with emerging market economies – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – met in southern China and said “the use of force should be avoided” in Libya.

Map

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Typhoon jets grounded over spares

A row of Typhoon fighter jets at RAF ConingsbyThe expected cost of each aircraft has increased by 75%, MPs noted
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The RAF’s most advanced fighter jets have been grounded owing to shortages of spare parts, MPs have found.

The Commons public accounts committee said five Typhoon pilots were grounded last year because they had been unable to put in enough training flight hours.

The jets have been used in Libya, and were deployed for the first time in a ground attack this week near Misrata.

The Ministry of Defence insists the problems identified by the committee have since been addressed.

Although Typhoons have already been carrying out air defence missions, they have only recently been equipped for a ground attack role and were deployed in a bombing mission for the first time this week in Libya.

In their report, the MPs warned that only eight of the RAF’s 48 Typhoon pilots were qualified to carry out ground attacks last year.

But Air Vice Marshal Phil Osborn said that there were now “sufficient Typhoon aircraft and pilots to undertake the task in Libya”.

The RAF was undertaking its mission in a “proportionate, disciplined, reliable way,” he added.

Earlier this week an RAF Typhoon carried out a bombing raid over Libya, dropping a paveway bomb and destroying two tanks. It’s the first time the RAF’s latest warplane has carried out a ground attack mission.

The MoD quickly released video of the successful strike and will be hoping that it can deflect some of the criticism of the Typhoon project, which the public accounts committee says suffered from “over-optimism and bad planning”. The MPs also note that, of 48 trained Typhoon pilots, only eight were fully trained to carry out ground attack missions.

The RAF is keen to point out that past problems have been resolved. It says it now has “significantly more” than eight pilots ready to carry out bombing raids.

That said, the RAF is clearly stretched having to meet all its operational requirements – Air Chief Marshall Sir Stephen Dalton admitted as much in a recent Guardian interview. Sacking scores of trainee pilots has not made life any easier.

The committee claimed that the RAF was having to cannibalise aircraft for spare parts in order to keep the maximum number of Typhoons – formerly known as the Eurofighter – in the air on any given day.

It added that the Ministry of Defence (MoD) had warned the problems were likely to continue until 2015 when it expects the supply of spares finally to have reached a “steady state”.

The committee said that the MoD relied on a “small group of key industrial suppliers who have the technical and design capability to build, upgrade and support” the jets.

“Problems with the availability of spare parts have meant that Typhoons are not flying as many hours as the department requires,” it added.

“The Typhoon supply chain is complex and stretches across Europe. However, the department admitted that it had not been managed well enough or delivered all the required parts when needed.”

The committee noted that the MoD was now buying 30% fewer Typhoons than it had originally planned.

But the cost of the project had risen by an estimated £3.5bn, meaning that the expected cost of each aircraft had increased by 75%.

The overall cost of the programme is now estimated at £20.2bn, with the cost per plane rising from £72m to £126m.

The committee complained that the MoD had been unable to offer a “coherent explanation” for a decision in 2004 to equip the early Typhoons for ground attack operations at a cost of £119m, only to switch them back to an air defence role in 2009, a year after the upgrade was finally ready.

“The history of the Typhoon fighter aircraft represents yet another example of over-optimism, bad planning and an unacceptably high bill for the taxpayer,” committee chair and Labour MP Margaret Hodge argued.

“This pattern of decision-making is more about balancing the books in the short-term rather than ensuring value for money over time.”

Defence Secretary Liam Fox said the committee had recognised that the Ministry of Defence and the aerospace industry had been working to “resolve spares issues”.

“Performance targets are now being met”, he said.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Whale song spreads ‘like Chinese whispers’

Recordings of male humpback whales have shown that the mammals’ haunting songs spread like trends through the ocean.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

‘Premature birth gene’ discovered

premature babyPremature birth can be dangerous for the baby
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A gene linked to premature births has been discovered by scientists in the US and Finland.

The researchers hope their study, published in PLoS Genetics, could eventually lead to a test for women at risk of a pre-term birth.

In the UK, one in 10 babies are born before the 37th week of pregnancy, with potential problems for their health.

The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists said it would help to identify a percentage of those at risk.

The international team of researchers looked to human evolution in their hunt for genes linked to premature births.

In comparison to other primates and mammals, humans have relatively large heads and narrow birth canals.

The researchers, at Vanderbilt University, Washington University and the University of Helsinki, believed there must have been an evolutionary pressure to “adapt and shift the time of birth” to produce a smaller baby.

Risks for premature babiesRespiratory distress syndromeHypothermiaLow blood glucoseJaundiceInfectionRetinopathy of prematurityNecritising enterocolitisDeath

They looked for DNA which showed evidence of “accelerated evolution” – genes which have mutated more in humans than in other primates.

They identified 150 genes.

The next step was to look for an association with premature births, so the researchers compared those 150 genes in 328 Finnish mothers, some of whom had premature births.

A strong association to pre-term births was found in variants of the FSHR – or follicle stimulating hormone receptor – gene.

Follicle stimulating hormone acts on receptors in the ovaries to encourage follicle (a sphere of cells containing an egg) development and production of the hormone oestrogen.

Professor Louis Muglia, from the department of paediatrics at Vanderbilt University, said: “Ideally we’d like to predict which women are at greatest risk for having pre-term birth and be able to prevent it. That would really have an impact on infant mortality and the long-term complications of being born prematurely.”

Professor Ronald Lamont, spokesperson for the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, said: “I think it’s fantastic, it’s a good group of well respected people doing this research.”

He said the risk of premature birth was likely to be a mix of genetic and environmental factors.

“In the future we will be able to identify a percentage of people at risk. It won’t be the be all and end all, but it will contribute to our knowledge.”

In a separate study, a team at Washington State University believe they have identified why eggs are produced which result in miscarriage and birth defects.

The research published in Current Biology examines the relationship between eggs and the correct number of chromosomes.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Royal wedding weekend A&E warning

Hospital signsA&E could be inundated if people are unaware of care available elsewhere
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A&E doctors are warning casualty departments risk being swamped unless there is proper planning for the long Easter and royal wedding weekends.

The College of Emergency Medicine (CEM) points out there are only three working days between 21 April and 3 May.

Its head, John Heyworth, said A&E would be people’s “default” option for NHS care, potentially leading to long waits and threatening patient safety.

But the Department of Health said the NHS had “robust” plans in place.

The run of bank holidays begins with Good Friday on 22 April, then Easter Monday.

Friday 29 April has been designated a bank holiday because of the royal wedding, then 2 May is the Early May Bank Holiday.

The only exception is for Scotland, which does not take a bank holiday for Easter Monday.

The CEM says adequate community care, from out-of-ours GPs, nurses, pharmacists and telephone services NHS Direct and NHS 24 must be maintained during the long weekends.

And it warns hospitals must ensure sufficient beds are available to cope with the likely increase in the number of admissions.

Dr Heyworth, president of the CEM, said he was sure planning was already in place – but said he was not sure it was comprehensive, or that adequate public information was universally available.

“”Failure to plan may lead to the unacceptable position of emergency departments being the default for patients”

Dr John Heyworth, College of Emergency Medicine

“Our past experience is that once you go 24 to 48 hours into prolonged holiday periods, you see a steady increase in emergency department activity,” he said.

“Investing time in planning how we will manage patient care during the Easter break and bank holidays around the royal wedding will ensure that patient safety is maintained as a priority during this period.

“Failure to plan may lead to the unacceptable position of emergency departments being the default for patients.

“This carries the danger of these departments being overwhelmed with long waits for patients to be seen on ambulance trolleys with significantly increased risk and threat to patient safety in such circumstances.”

He said detailed planning and good communication with the public about what local services were available would give clinicians “the best chance of assuring patient safety”.

Dr Heyworth added: “We still have time to ensure there are comprehensive plans in place, and people know where to go.”

A spokesman for the Department of Health said: “Emergency services have lots of experience in dealing with changing demand during holiday periods.

“The NHS has robust plans in place and local NHS organisations are responsible for ensuring that the right urgent and emergency care services are available for patients.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Historic chessmen from Isle of Lewis go on display

Lewis chessmenThe exhibition featuring more than 30 of the iconic Lewis chessmen has been touring Scotland
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Some of the historic Lewis Chessmen have gone on display on the island where they were found more than 150 years ago.

More than 30 of the 12th Century pieces are being shown at the exhibition at Museum nan Eilean in Stornoway.

The chessmen were found beneath a sand dune near Uig on the west coast of Lewis at some point before 1831.

Museum curators will also be taking six of the pieces to Uig Museum for a one-day display.

The Lewis Chessmen: Unmasked exhibition features chessmen owned by National Museums Scotland and the British Museum in London.

It has been touring Scotland since last May and has previously visited Aberdeen and Shetland.

Alex MacDonald, convener of Western Isles Council, Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, welcomed the exhibition, which will run until 12 September.

He said: “The enigma of the Lewis Chessmen has intrigued and puzzled those who have viewed these inscrutable faces in the last 200 years or so.

“This will give our own community and visitors the opportunity to come face-to-face with faces which are over 800 years old.”

Pieces including a knight, king, queen and bishop will be on display at Uig Museum on 13 September for one day.

Curators from National Museums Scotland and the British Museum will also be present to answer any queries from visitors.

The chessmen are one of the most significant archaeological discoveries ever made in Scotland.

The majority of the 93 surviving pieces were acquired by the British Museum in 1831.

Eleven pieces remained in Scotland, and are usually displayed at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

FE colleges ‘charging lower fees’

DegreeAbout 160,000 students study for degrees in further education colleges

Many further education colleges will charge tuition fees of less than £6,000 next year for their degree courses, a survey suggests.

The Association of Colleges (AoC) surveyed 50 of its members on the level of fees they are likely to set.

Of these 19 expect to charge less than £6,000 and 12 expect to charge more than £6,000.

Unlike universities, where many want to charge £9,000, only a handful of colleges plan to charge £8,000 or more.

The rest of colleges in the survey plan to charge somewhere in between £6,000 and £8,000, when fees are increased for courses beginning in autumn 2012.

Last week, a BBC survey found more than half of the universities it surveyed planned to charge £9,000 for all of their courses. Two-thirds were planning to charge £9,000 for all or some of their courses.

Some 260 colleges teach university-level courses but only half get funds from the university funding body, the Higher Education Funding Council for England (Hefce).

The others run courses in franchise with universities and get funds indirectly.

Of the 31 surveyed that are directly funded by Hefce, none are planning to charge the maximum £9,000 for these degrees.

And of these, 12 expect to charge £6,000 or more with 19 expecting to charge less than £6,000.

Just one expected charges to be between £8,000 and £8,999.

Of those that have indirectly-funded courses, two said they expected fee levels for these to be between £8,000 and £9,000.

Colleges tend to offer foundation degrees and more employer focused BA degrees.

AoC higher education policy manager Nick Davy said: “Colleges offer affordable excellence as an alternative to university higher education.”

He added: “Many colleges teach higher education in areas without a university or where a university does not recruit locally.

“Colleges operate efficiently; their focus is often on teaching rather than research and they frequently have lower overheads than universities.”

Mr Davy added: “Tuition fees aside, college students are currently graduating with £17,500 less debt than their university counterparts because of lower living costs, according to our latest research.”

More than 160,000 students are studying for degrees at further education colleges, where the cost of courses tend to be less than at universities.

The government has warned universities wanting to charge £9,000 per year that they could be undercut by further education colleges offering courses at a lower price.

Ministers had based their plans for student finance on an average of £7,500 per year.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Colombia mudslide kills 14 in bus

Rescue workers carry a victim of the bus accident on the Manizales-Bogota road in ColombiaRescuers say there is little hope of finding survivors
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A mudslide caused by heavy rain has engulfed a bus in Colombia, killing at least 14 people, officials. say.

The bus was leaving the central city of the city of Manizales when it was hit by a collapsing hillside and swept into a ravine.

Rescuers have been searching for six others missing after the accident.

Over the past year Colombia has suffered widespread floods that have killed more than 300 people and forced 2 million from their homes.

Emergency workers have been recovering bodies from the bus, which was completely buried by mud and rock.

Some parts of Manizales have been evacuated because of the risk of further landslides.

The 2010-11 rainy season in Colombia has been been the worst in Colombia’s recent history, flooding huge areas and causing damage that will cost billions of dollars to repair.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Travel ‘is biggest Olympics risk’

TubeAn influx of tourists is expected to use the Tube during the Games

Transport problems remain “one of the biggest risks” to the 2012 Olympic Games, a London Assembly report has claimed.

The report, by the assembly’s transport committee, found the city’s transport network was already running at near-full capacity.

During the games more than a million extra journeys are expected across the busiest nine days.

Transport for London said it was not being complacent about the task.

But the report’s authors highlighted 22 “travel hotspots” likely to experience an extreme surge of demand.

These included King’s Cross and Victoria Stations along with the Embankment and the Blackwall Tunnel.

London view

Sport, news and more 2012 informationBBC London 2012

Committee chairwoman Val Shawcross said London would face “extreme demand on a network already creaking at the seams”.

The report said: “While on a good day the higher demand may be confined to a few ‘travel hotspots’, in the event of a broken-down train or a security incident, there would be a wider impact.

“Demand for transport services elsewhere is also possible as people seek alternative ways to make trips.

“All regular users of the transport system are likely to notice differences in 2012.”

Some 5.3m visitors to London are expected during the Games.

A TfL spokeswoman said: “As the report makes clear, all 2012 transport improvements are on track to be delivered well ahead of the Games.

“Londoners are already benefiting from an early 2012 transport legacy.

“We’re confident we’ll get all athletes, spectators and officials to their events on time and keep London moving.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Independents’ day

Not long ago, critics were suggesting the fat lady had sung for the independent record shop with experts claiming the sector was in an irreversible decline. But now it looks as though the little men could be making a comeback.

Rise record store interior, BristolBristol’s Rise record store is one of the new kids on the indie shop block

Last year, the UK had just 269 UK record shops, that figure has now risen to 281.

Spencer Hickman, founder of Rough Trade Records and the person behind UK Independent Record Store Day believes the future looks bright for independents.

“There’s lot of love out there for the old independent record shop,” he says.

“People are waking up to the fact that all towns across the country are becoming identikit, and the small indie retailers are disappearing. They don’t want this anymore and are finally saying ‘No, enough is enough’.”

But while the organisers of the annual event may be celebrating news of green shoots in the sector, industry figures suggest things are far from rosy.

Changing habits

“The day the traditional record stores die, will be a day most musicians and music lovers of all ages and stages will mourn”

Mark Kelly CEO, Featured Artists Coalition

Just five years ago there were 900 independent record retailers across the UK and these have been facing tough competition from the big boys – supermarkets and online retailers such as Amazon – in a shrinking market.

Industry figures from the Entertainment Retailers Association (ERA) show the value of music sales in the UK last year was £1.2bn, down 4.0% on 2009.

Much of the slowdown has been driven by a dramatic change in the way consumers have been buying and listening to music over the last decade.

Combined digital revenues across singles and albums now account for 23.4% of the value of the recorded music market, compared with 18.1% last year and just 12.4% in 2009.

Although digital downloading is a growing trend among music lovers, figures show that people are returning to album sales rather than one off single downloads. In 2010 the value of digital album sales hit £146.8m and outstripped the digital singles market for the first time.

Vinyl comeback

Mr Hickman believes this is another indicator that music fans are wanting the experience of a full album and to listen to music the way the artist intended.

“Consumers want to go into a shop and to stand chatting to someone who knows about music” he explains.

Man listening to headphones in front of a rip/burn download displayThe rise of digital music has had a big influence on consumer trends

“The fact that digital downloading is moving to album sales rather than singles shows a change in listening,” he says.

“We can press the shuffle button on our iPods, but it’s nice to sit back at home and listen to something in full; that’s why vinyl is becoming so popular again.

“There’s nothing like dropping that needle for the first time and hearing the slight crackle, anticipating what’s coming up.”

From the 6,560 music retailers, only 269 of these were independent, and according to BPI stats (from 2008) indie stores represented only 2.4% of total music sales.

Meanwhile, Mr Hickman explains that Record Store Day kicked off three years ago as a direct response to the mass marketed music coming from TV programmes.

“People across the board are now fed up with the music coming from television shows, they want somewhere where they can go and chat about new bands and labels,” says Mr Hickman.

“Indie shops are perfect for this and record store day is showing that there’s still a massive interest.”

Hard times

Ben Cardew, news editor of Music Week, argues that an independent presence is “crucial” as it encourages people to “introduce people to new music and to the idea of buying music” beyond the top 50 offering from supermarkets.

And while some independent stores may be having a renaissance, even the big High Street names have suffered in recent years.

Retail giant HMV hit trouble last month with shares plummeting earlier this month as they issued their third profits warning this year and said pre-tax profits would be around £30m, less than half of the £69m recorded last year.

HMV storeHMV shares have taken a knock this year

Chris Cook, business editor of music business service CMU Daily, agrees the firm has lost its way lately.

“While they saw a drop in sales over the vital Christmas period, independents like Rough Trade East saw sales rise,” says Mr Cook.

“People like the community feel of an indie shop and feel the warmth there. It’s somewhere for them to hang out and to swap music stories and knowledge. Maybe HMV should look at them,”

Vital role

Mark Kelly, keyboard player of Marillion and CEO of the Featured Artists Coalition, agrees independent stores play a “vital role” in engaging the public with music.

“Record stores often have a social as well as commercial role so people can try before they buy and hang out with other music enthusiasts,” he says.

“The day the traditional record stores die, will be a day most musicians and music lovers of all ages and stages will mourn. Like all of us in the business of making and selling music, record stores have to innovate to continue to capture the attention (and wallets) of fans.”

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.

Poverty ‘hitting pupils’ studies’

Child playing football (generic)More than 80% of teachers who responded to the survey said poverty was affecting attainment
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Many pupils living in poverty come to school hungry, tired and in worn-out clothes, a survey by the ATL teachers’ union has suggested.

More than three-quarters of 627 primary, secondary and college teachers in England, Wales and Northern Ireland who responded to the survey believed they taught pupils living in poverty.

And about 40% said the problem had increased since the recession.

The government said it was targeting investment at the poorest families.

More than 85% of the teachers who responded to the survey said they believed that poverty had a negative impact on the well-being of pupils they taught.

Of those, 80% said students came to school tired, 73% said they arrived hungry and 67% said they wore worn-out clothes or lacked the proper uniform.

Child poverty in England

Map of poverty

Mapping child poverty

Also, 71% said pupils living in poverty lacked confidence, and 65% said they missed out on activities outside school such as music, sports or going to the cinema.

It total, 80% of teachers surveyed said they believed poverty had a negative impact on pupils’ attainment – with problems including under-achievement, not having a quiet place to study at home, inability to concentrate and lack of access to computers and the internet.

“Every day I become aware of a child suffering due to poverty. Today I have had to contact parents because a child has infected toes due to feet squashed into shoes way too small,” a teaching assistant in a West Midlands secondary school told researchers.

A Nottingham sixth form teacher said one pupil “had not eaten for three days as their mother had no money at all until pay day”, while another teacher said a boy had come to school with no underpants and been laughed at by peers while changing for PE.

Anne Pegum, a further education teacher in Hertfordshire, said: “We have students who miss out on meals because they do not have money to pay for them and in some cases then feel unwell and have to be helped by our first aiders.”

And secondary school teacher Craig Macartney, from Suffolk, said he had noted that increasing numbers of children from middle to lower income households were missing school trips as families struggled to meet the basic cost of living.

ATL’s general secretary, Mary Bousted, said: “It is appalling that in 2011 so many children in the UK are severely disadvantaged by their circumstances and fail to achieve their potential.”

“What message does this government think it is sending young people when it is cutting funding for Sure Start centres, cutting the EMA [Education Maintenance Allowance grant for low-income students], raising tuition fees and making it harder for local authorities to provide health and social services?”, she asked.

A spokesman for the Department for Education said the government was “overhauling the welfare and schools systems precisely to tackle entrenched worklessness, family breakdown, low educational achievement and financial insecurity”.

“We’re targeting investment directly at the poorest families. The most disadvantaged two year olds will get 15 hours free child care. We’re focusing Sure Start at the poorest families, with 4,200 extra health visitors.

“We’re opening academies in areas failed educationally for generations and bringing in the pupil premium to target an extra £2.5bn a year directly at students that need the most support,” the spokesman said.

Earlier this month, the government said changes to the benefits system would lift 350,000 children out of poverty, as it published its child poverty strategy.

The shift to the universal credit system would enable people to work themselves and their families out of poverty, ministers said.

But the Institute for Fiscal Studies predicted in December that the welfare shake-up would increase relative child poverty figures by 200,000 in 2012-13 and 2013-14.

And anti-poverty campaigners say the government’s approach is wrong, as many families living in poverty have someone working full time on low wages.

They are also concerned that poor families with young children will be adversely affected as councils facing budget cuts reduce Sure Start services.

This article is from the BBC News website. © British Broadcasting Corporation, The BBC is not responsible for the content of external internet sites.