PHP errors not showing in Chrome network tab (but show in Firefox)

The Google Chrome network tab doesn’t seem to display PHP errors properly.
Firefox and Insomnia perfectly show all errors, but chrome just shows

Failed to load response data: No data found for resource with given
identifier

chrome display error

I’ve tried setting the headers 'Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8' and a lot of other stuff but nothing seems to work.

Code throwing the error:

dd('Test'); // With symfony/var-dumper package
// OR
throw new Exception('Test');

My error handler:

    $payload = [
        'error' => [
            'message' => $exception->getMessage(),
            'code' => $exception->getCode()
        ]
    ];

    $response->getBody()->write(json_encode($payload));

    return $response->withHeader('Content-Type', 'application/json')
        ->withStatus(500);

Any ideas how I can do this? I’m using plain PHP, with Laravel and Symfony this is no problem at all.