Searching in multidimensional array using PHP [duplicate]

I have an array like this:

$programs=[
    'user1'=>[
        'value 1',
        'value 2',
    ],
    'user2'=>[
        'value 3',
    ],
    'user3'=>[
        'value 4',
    ],
];

I would like to get the “user” corresponding with the value without having to loop through the array every time.

The following only works when having keys in the nested array:

$key=array_search('value 3', array_column($programs, 0));