Testing exception thrown by mock in jest

I’m trying to test for an async function to properly handle an exception getting thrown by a dependency call to another async function within its body.

I’m replacing the dependency function with a Jest mock that returns a rejected promise and following guidelines on how to set expectations according to official docs. But I find it’s not working as expected. So I built a demo test to check that the exception gets actually thrown but the await expect ... statement doesn’t match.

import { jest } from '@jest/globals';

const inner = jest.fn();
const underTest = async () => await inner();

test('async mock throws within async function', async () => {
  inner.mockRejectedValue('Error');

  try {
    await underTest();
    expect('Should not reach this statement').toBeUndefined();
  } catch (err) {
    expect(err).toEqual('Error');
  }
  await expect(underTest()).rejects.toThrow();
});

Notice in the output how the first call the expect statement within the catch block gets reached and passes, but the await expect ... statement below fails as if underTest didn’t throw.

$ npm t -- lib/asyncThrow.test.js

> node --experimental-vm-modules node_modules/jest/bin/jest.js lib/asyncThrow.test.js

(node:43103) ExperimentalWarning: VM Modules is an experimental feature and might change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
 FAIL  lib/asyncThrow.test.js
  ✓ mock gets called from async function (2 ms)
  ✕ async mock throws within async function (1 ms)

  ● async mock throws within async function

    expect(received).rejects.toThrow()

    Received function did not throw

      19 |     expect(err).toEqual('Error');
      20 |   }
    > 21 |   await expect(underTest()).rejects.toThrow();
         |                                     ^
      22 | });
      23 |

      at Object.toThrow (node_modules/expect/build/index.js:218:22)
      at Object.<anonymous> (lib/asyncThrow.test.js:21:37)

Test Suites: 1 failed, 1 total
Tests:       1 failed, 1 passed, 2 total
Snapshots:   0 total
Time:        0.098 s, estimated 1 s

What am I missing?